淮河流域（河南段）水环境空间异质性研究及其对水生植物群落的影响

发布时间：2018-05-06 05:42

本文选题：淮河流域(河南段) + 水环境　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：淮河流域是我国水环境污染最严重的流域之一,水环境破坏对水生生态系统造成了严重的影响,导致流域内水生生物资源锐减,严重危及水生态安全及河流健康。而淮河流域河南段水系是历年来水污染最严重的河流,因此展开淮河流域(河南段)水环境和水生生物资源现状调查,研究淮河流域(河南段)水环境空间异质性及其对水生植物分布的影响对流域内水生生态系统的恢复具有重要意义。本文在该流域大面积野外水生植物群落调查及室内水质、底泥理化性质分析的数据基础上,运用主成分分析、聚类分析、地统计分析和内梅罗指数评价法对淮河流域(河南段)水环境的空间异质性特征进行研究,并探讨水环境异质性对水生植物群落空间分布的影响,主要结论如下:(1)主成分分析结果表明水体总磷、可溶性磷酸盐、氨氮及总氮,底泥氨氮、底泥总氮是影响水环境质量的关键因子。(2)对144个采样点聚类分析结果表明,淮河流域(河南段)淮河以南的支流比以北的支流水环境好,淮河干流和沙颍河、洪河、涡河干流的水环境比其支流的水环境好,河流中上游的水环境比下游的水环境好。(3)利用GIS地统计原理研究了水环境关键因子的空间异质性,并综合评价了淮河流域(河南段)的水环境状况,结果表明该流域水系中贾鲁河流域、涡河部分流域、洪河和汝河的中下游,以及淮河干流的支流闾河水环境污染最为严重,沙颍河中上游、淮河干流以南的竹竿河、潢河、白露河、史河、灌河等水系的水环境较好。(4)淮河流域(河南段)水生植物共计51种,其中挺水植物最多,共计28种,占总数的54.9%,沉水植物12种、浮叶根生植物10种以及漂浮植物1种。主要水生植物群落有14种,出现频率最高的群落为喜旱莲子草群落,为25.7%,其次为金鱼藻群落和黑藻群落,出现频率分别为12.5%和11.8%。沉水植物金鱼藻以及挺水植物喜旱莲子草、芦苇、辣蓼等对水环境的适应能力强,属于耐污物种。不同类型的水生植物群落空间分布具有明显差异,沉水植物群落主要集中在河流上游部分、淮河干流以南部分河流及水量充沛、水环境好的沙颍河、大小洪河等,在水环境差的区域植被群落多为挺水植物。CCA分析结果表明影响植被群落空间分布特征的关键环境因子为水体可溶性磷酸盐、水体总磷和水体氨氮。
[Abstract]:Huaihe River Basin is one of the most serious water environmental pollution basins in China. The water environment damage has caused serious impact on aquatic ecosystem, resulting in a sharp reduction of aquatic biological resources in the basin, seriously endangering the water ecological security and river health. The river system in Henan section of the Huaihe River Basin is the most polluted river in recent years. Therefore, an investigation on the water environment and aquatic biological resources in the Huaihe River Basin (Henan Section) has been carried out. It is of great significance to study the spatial heterogeneity of water environment and its influence on the distribution of aquatic plants in the Huaihe River Basin (Henan section). Based on the data of field aquatic plant community investigation, indoor water quality and sediment physical and chemical properties analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used in this paper. The spatial heterogeneity characteristics of water environment in Huaihe River Basin (Henan section) were studied by geostatistical analysis and Nemero index evaluation method, and the effects of water environment heterogeneity on the spatial distribution of aquatic plant communities were discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Principal component analysis shows that total phosphorus, soluble phosphate, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in sediment are the key factors affecting water environmental quality. The water environment of the tributaries south of the Huaihe River Basin (Henan section) is better than that of the northern tributaries, and the water environment of the main streams of the Huaihe River, Shaying River, Honghe River and Vortex River is better than that of its tributaries. The water environment in the middle and upper reaches of the river is better than that in the lower reaches.) the spatial heterogeneity of the key factors of the water environment is studied by using the principle of GIS geostatistics, and the water environment of the Huaihe River basin (Henan section) is comprehensively evaluated. The results show that the environmental pollution is the most serious in the middle and lower reaches of the Jialu River, the vortex river, the middle and lower reaches of the Honghe River and the Ruhe River, as well as the tributaries of the main stream of the Huaihe River, the middle and upper reaches of Shaying River, the Zhuyuan River and the Huanghe River south of the main stream of the Huaihe River. There are 51 species of aquatic plants in Huaihe River Basin (Henan section), of which 28 species are octopus plants, accounting for 54.9% of the total, and 12 species of submerged plants. There are 10 species of floating rhizophytes and 1 species of floating plants. There were 14 species in the main aquatic plant community, the highest frequency of which was the lotus seed community (25.7kum), followed by the goldfish community and the black algae community, the frequency of occurrence was 12.5% and 11.88%, respectively. The submerged plant goldfish and the octopus plants are resistant to pollution because of their strong adaptability to water environment such as lotus seed Reed and Polygonum hydropiper. The spatial distribution of different types of aquatic plant communities is obviously different. The submerged plant communities are mainly concentrated in the upper part of the river, the south part of the main stream of Huaihe River and the rivers with abundant water quantity, the Shaying River with good water environment, the big and small Honghe river, etc. The results of CCA analysis showed that the key environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution of vegetation communities were water soluble phosphate, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X173

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