多重生态屏障与菌藻生物膜技术处理农家乐生活污水的研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 19:56

本文选题：土壤包气带缓冲屏障 + 潜流人工湿地　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对南水北调中线工程水源区村镇分散、生活污水难以集中处理、污水排放标准与水源区规划目标水质落差大,水源区旅游业和餐饮业发展迅猛,及小城镇经济发展相对滞、排水管网和污水处理设施建设尚不健全等,导致大量生活污水和生活垃圾直接排入河道,对下游水源区的水质安全构成威胁的问题,采取有效措施治理分散的水源区生活污水是当前的一项迫切任务。本文依托国家“十二五”水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项《湖北汉库汇水流域水质安全保障关键技术研究与示范课题》(2012ZX07205-002),选取水源区神定河上游百二河河段作为研究对象,利用原生生态系统,研究强化人工快渗-水平潜流人工湿地-表面流人工湿地组成的入河生态缓冲屏障污染削减技术,以及生态浮岛-超微气泡曝气-菌藻生物膜河流水体生态缓冲屏障与原位强化污染削减技术。开展实验室小试和示范工程研究,旨在为水源区的分散点源污水有效处理和河流的生态修复提供理论参考和技术支持。实验室小试,利用组合填料和弹性填料作为菌-藻生物膜系统的载体,来处理某农家乐生活污水。结果表明：两种填料的菌-藻生物膜系统对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP都有很好的去除效果,组合填料的菌-藻生物膜系统对COD去除较为明显,去除率高达94.8%,弹性填料的菌-藻生物膜系统对NH3-N、TN和TP去除较为突出,去除率最高可分别达到94.7%、93.6%和91.3%。综合考虑,弹性填料的菌-藻生物膜在处理当地农家乐污水有一定优势,且处理效果稳定。中试示范工程实验结果表明,强化人工快渗对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为47.54%、49.89%、48.77%和60.11%。水平潜流人工湿地在HRT为6.3h时,对COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别为42.66%、41.19%、40.97%和50.15%。在HRT为12.6h时,对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别为46.91%、43.41%、43.85%和51.77%。表面流人工湿地在HRT为9h时,对COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别为45.97%、38.01%、28.56%和27.36%。在HRT为18h时,对COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的去除率分别为48.11%、39.81%、30.19%和29.67%。生态浮岛在HRT为22.5h时,对COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别为46.32%、28.59%、19.53%和23.99%；在HRT为45h时,对COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的去除率分别为47.16%、29.32%、20.50%和24.52%。弹性填料的超微曝气-菌藻生物膜系统在HRT为18h时,对COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别为51.54%、41.49%、33.51%和18.03%；组合填料的超微曝气-菌藻生物膜系统在HRT为36h时,对COD、TN, NH3-N和TP的去除率分别为56.25%、41.95%、36.88%和23.00%。强化人工快渗在进水浓度波动较大情况下,仍对COD、TN、NH3-N、TP有很好的去除效果；说明池内添加的铁屑、沸石等强化反应填料,以及该种分层布类型置能够对污水中的COD、NH3-N和TP的去除起到很好的作用,其中添加木屑作为有缓释碳源,及石灰石提供弱碱性环境,对反硝化作用的顺利进行和TN的去除有很大作用。水平潜流人工湿地,从对COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率上看,水平潜流人工湿地的HRT定在6.3h要优于12.6h；表面流湿地相对于潜流湿地,表面流湿地对污染物的去除效果整体不是很高,总体上分析,表面流湿地在HRT为9h时好于HRT为18h；生态浮岛对COD有较好的去除效果,但对N和P去除效果一般。超微曝气-菌藻生物膜系统对农家乐生活污水中COD、TN、NH3-N和TP都有很好去除效果。两组超微曝气-菌藻生物膜系统出水中COD和TN的平均浓度均达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838--2002)的Ⅳ类标准,NH3-N和TP的平均浓度则达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838--2002)的Ⅲ类标准。通过对超微曝气-菌藻生物膜系统的影响因素分析可知,温度对TN有一定的影响,说明了生物膜上的微生物的代谢情况与温度有关,水温降低后,微生物的生长受到抑制,对污染物的分解、吸收变慢,进而使菌藻生物膜脱N能力下降。较弹性填料,组合填料的菌藻生物膜系统对COD的处理效果较好,但弹性填料的菌藻生物膜系统对TN、TP的处理效果好于组合填料的菌藻生物膜系统的。随着HRT的增加,TN、TP的去除率越来越高,由此看出,对高氮磷的污水,增加菌-藻生物膜系统的HRT能有效提高对氮磷的去除。为保证入河污水达到南水北调中线水源区水质要求,开展多重人工强化生态缓冲带污染削减技术的研究,其对保障水源区水质安全具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:According to the scattered villages and towns in the water source area of the middle route of the south to North Water Transfer Project, the domestic sewage is difficult to concentrate, the sewage discharge standard and the planning target of the water source area are very bad, the tourism and the catering industry in the water source area are developing rapidly, and the economic development of the small towns is relatively stagnant, the construction of the drainage pipe network and the sewage treatment facilities is not perfect, which leads to a large amount of domestic sewage. It is an urgent task to take effective measures to control the domestic sewage in the water source area, which is an urgent task for the water quality safety of the downstream water source area. This paper relies on the national "12th Five-Year" water pollution control and management of the major technical project of the Hubei Han Chai catchment area. The key technology research and demonstration project (2012ZX07205-002), selected the upper reaches of the river in the upper reaches of the Shen Ding River in the water source area as the research object, and using the primary ecosystem to study the pollution reduction technique of the ecological buffer barrier of the ecological buffer barrier and the ecological floating island - ultramicro bubble aeration, made up of artificial rapid infiltration - horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland and surface flow constructed wetland. The ecological buffer barrier and in situ enhanced pollution reduction technology in the river water body of the bacteria algae biofilm. The laboratory test and demonstration project are carried out to provide theoretical reference and technical support for the effective treatment of sewage and the ecological restoration of rivers in the water source area. Laboratory test, use of combined packing and elastic packing as bacteria algae organisms The carrier of the membrane system was used to treat a farm household sewage. The results showed that the bacteria algae biofilm system of two kinds of fillers had good removal effect on COD, NH3-N, TN and TP. The removal rate of COD was more obvious, the removal rate was up to 94.8%, and the bacteria algae biofilm system of elastic packing was removed to NH3-N, TN and TP. The highest removal rate can be reached to 94.7%, 93.6% and 91.3%. respectively. The bacteria algae biofilm with elastic packing has some advantages in treating local farm household waste water, and the treatment effect is stable. The results of pilot project show that the average removal rates of enhanced artificial rapid infiltration to COD, NH3-N, TN and TP are 47.54%, 49.89%, 48.77% and 60, respectively. When HRT was 6.3h, the average removal rates for COD, TN, NH3-N and TP were 42.66%, 41.19%, 40.97% and 50.15%. at HRT 12.6h respectively. The removal rates of COD, NH3-N, 43.85% and surface flow constructed wetlands were 45.9, respectively, 45.9 when HRT was 12.6h, and the average removal rate was 45.9, respectively. The removal rates of 7%, 38.01%, 28.56% and 27.36%. for COD, TN, NH3-N and TP were 48.11%, 39.81%, 30.19% and 29.67%. ecological floating islands in HRT 22.5h respectively. The average removal rates for COD, TN, 19.53% and 23.99% were 46.32%, 28.59%, 19.53% and 23.99%, respectively, and 47.16%, 29.32%, 20.50%, respectively. The average removal rates for COD, TN, NH3-N and TP were 51.54%, 41.49%, 33.51% and 18.03% for COD, TN, NH3-N and TP in the ultrafine aeration bacteria alga biofilm system with 24.52%. elastic filler, and the removal rates for COD, TN, NH3-N and 36.88% were 56.25%, 41.95%, 36.88% and 36.88% when HRT was 36h in the ultrafine aeration bacteria algal biofilm system of the combined packing. The artificial fast infiltration has a good removal effect on COD, TN, NH3-N, TP under the condition that the influent concentration fluctuates greatly; it shows that the addition of iron and zeolite, and the type placement of this kind of layer cloth can play a very good role in the removal of COD, NH3-N and TP in the sewage, in which the wood chips are added as a sustained release carbon source and lime. The stone provides a weak alkaline environment, which has a great effect on the smooth denitrification and the removal of TN. The horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland, from the average removal rate of COD, TN, NH3-N and TP, is superior to 12.6h in the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland in 6.3h; the surface flow wetland is relative to the subsurface wetland, and the surface flow wetland is used to remove the pollutants. The overall analysis is that the surface flow wetland is better than HRT 18h when HRT is 9h, and the ecological floating island has a better removal effect on COD, but the removal effect on N and P is general. The ultrafine aeration - bacteria algae biofilm system has a good removal effect on COD, TN, NH3-N and TP in the farm household waste water. Two groups of ultrafine aeration bacteria algae biofilm system The average concentration of COD and TN in the effluent reached the grade IV standard of < surface water environmental quality standard > (GB 3838--2002). The average concentration of NH3-N and TP reached the grade III standard of < surface water environmental quality standard > (GB 3838--2002). Through the analysis of the influence factors of the ultraaeration bacteria algae biofilm system, the temperature has a certain influence on the TN. It is clear that the microbial metabolism on the biofilm is related to the temperature. After the water temperature is reduced, the growth of the microorganism is inhibited, the decomposition of the contaminants and the absorption of the biofilm are slowed down, and then the N ability of the biofilm is reduced. The treatment effect of COD is better than the elastic fillers, combined with the bacteria algae biofilm system, but the bacterial algae biofilm of the elastic filler With the increase of HRT, the removal rate of TN and TP is getting higher and higher with the increase of HRT. As a result, the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from high nitrogen and phosphorus wastewater and the increase of HRT in the bacterial biofilm system can improve the water quality of the water source area of the south to North Water Diversion Project. The study of multiple artificial enhanced ecological buffer zone pollution reduction technology is of great significance for ensuring water quality safety in water source areas.

【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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