不同组群奶牛粪便堆积过程中温室气体排放及碳氮转化规律

发布时间：2018-05-08 17:56

本文选题：奶牛粪便 + 堆积过程　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着规模化养殖场的迅速发展,产生了大量的畜禽粪便。粪肥含有丰富的营养成分,但是其堆积过程中会产生大量的温室气体,是温室气体的一个重要排放源。为了研究牛粪堆放过程中温室气体的排放规律,为温室气体减排和畜禽粪便有效利用提供依据,本研究选用不同组群(高产组、中产组、低产组)奶牛粪便进行90d的堆肥试验,用静态箱-气相色谱法观测堆肥过程中温室气体(CH4, CO2和N2O)的排放,同时观测堆肥过程中各种形态的有机碳(总有机碳、水溶性有机碳、热水溶性有机碳、活性有机碳等)及含氮化合物(全氮、碱解氮、硝铵态氮、蛋白质、游离氨基酸)的变化,并分析了这些指标与温室气体排放的关系。研究结果表明：(1)探明了不同组群奶牛粪便为期90天堆积过程中温室气体的排放规律及产生的温室效应。在堆积的第一周,CO2和CH4排放量较大,并迅速下降。随着温度的升高和水分的减少,CO2和CH4排放速率上升且维持在较高水平,N2O的排放速率也迅速升高,达到峰值后迅速降低。高产组、中产组、低产组奶牛粪便堆积过程中CH4-C和N20-N的累积排放量大小顺序一致,均为高产组中产组低产组。CO2-C的累积排放量最小的是低产组。各处理产生的总温室效应大小顺序为高产组中产组低产组,三种气体中贡献最大的是C02,占总温室效应的一半以上,CH4和N2O的温室效应贡献相差不大。(2)研究了奶牛粪便堆积过程中有机碳组成的变化。堆积过程中各处理的高活性有机碳变化趋势为由缓慢上升(第0-16d)到迅速上升(第16-27d),而后迅速下降(第27-45d),到腐解结束时保持相对平稳(第45d至堆肥结束)。各处理的中活性有机碳呈波动上升趋势,三组处理的含量均上升了60%以上。低活性有机碳的变化趋势为先下降(第0-11d)后上升(第11-39d)接着下降(第39d至堆肥结束)的趋势。水溶性有机碳的含量的变化趋势均是先升高(第0-3d)后降低(第3-60d),而后保持相对稳定(第60d至堆肥结束)。在堆肥初期,热水溶性有机碳含量持续下降(第0-27d),随着堆肥时间的延长,其含量上升(第27-45d)。在堆肥后期,热水溶性有机碳含量下降(第45d至堆肥结束)。碱溶性有机碳的变化呈现先下降(第0-16d),后上升(第16-60d),最后下降的变化趋势(第60d至堆肥结束)。总体来看,各处理碱溶性有机碳低活性有机碳中活性有机碳高活性有机碳水溶性有机碳热水溶性有机碳。(3)研究了奶牛粪便堆积过程中氮素的变化。堆积过程中碱解氮含量在堆积初期基本保持不变(第0-16d),随后出现了先上升(第16-27d)后下降(第27-45d)的过程,堆肥的第45d以后,又出现上升(第45-53d)-下降(第53-60d)的趋势。HN/TN的变化随堆肥时间呈现波动状,变化趋势基本与HN含量一致。低产组牛粪的蛋白质含量明显高于高、中产组,随着堆肥的进行,各组蛋白质含量均呈现波动上升的趋势,到堆肥结束时,蛋白质含量大小顺序为低产组高产组中产组。在堆肥的0-16d,各处理的游离氨基酸(FAA)含量均呈现降低趋势,且高产组中产组低产组,在堆肥的16-33d,FAA含量上升,在堆肥的33-90d,FAA含量持续降低。NH4+-N初始含量较高,堆肥过程中略有上升后下降,硝态氮含量随着堆肥的进行而升高。(4)CO2的排放速率与水溶性有机碳和高活性有机碳呈极显著正相关关系,与热水溶性有机碳呈显著正相关关系。CH4的排放速率与水溶性有机碳、热水溶性有机碳、碱溶性有机碳和高活性有机碳均呈极显著正相关关系。N2O的排放速率与全氮、铵态氮有极显著负相关性,与蛋白质、硝态氮有极显著正相关性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of large-scale breeding farms, a large number of livestock and poultry manure has been produced. Manure contains rich nutrients, but a large number of greenhouse gases will be produced during the accumulation process, which is an important source of greenhouse gases. In order to study the emission of greenhouse gases in the process of cow dung stacking, the emission reduction of greenhouse gases and livestock and poultry manure are made. In this study, the 90d composting test of dairy cow dung from different groups (high yield group, middle class group and low yield group) was used to observe the emission of greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2 and N2O) in the composting process by static box gas chromatography, and the various forms of organic carbon (total organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, hot water) during the composting process were observed. The changes of soluble organic carbon, active organic carbon, and nitrogen compounds (total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, ammonium nitrate nitrogen, protein, free amino acid), and the relationship between these indexes and greenhouse gas emission were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the emission laws and production of greenhouse gases during the 90 day accumulation of different groups of cow dung were explored. Greenhouse effect. In the first week of accumulation, the emission of CO2 and CH4 decreased rapidly. With the increase of temperature and the decrease of water, the emission rate of CO2 and CH4 increased and maintained at a high level. The emission rate of N2O increased rapidly, and then decreased rapidly after the peak. The high yield group, the middle yield group and the low yield group of dairy cow dung accumulation process CH4-C and N20-N The cumulative emission of.CO2-C in the high yield group was the lowest in low yield group of low yield group in high yield group. The total greenhouse effect of each treatment was the low yield group in high yield group, and the largest contribution of the three gases was C02, accounting for more than half of the total greenhouse effect, and the difference of greenhouse effect contribution between CH4 and N2O (2) (2) the change of organic carbon composition during the accumulation of cow dung was studied. The change trend of highly active organic carbon in the process of accumulation was slowly rising (0-16d) to rapid rise (16-27d), and then rapidly decreased (27-45d), and the retention of the organic carbon was relatively stable at the end of the decay (45d to the end of the composting). The content of the three groups increased by more than 60%. The trend of the low active organic carbon was first descending (0-11d) and then descending (11-39d) and descending (39d to the end of compost). The trend of the change of the content of water soluble organic carbon was first increased (0-3d) and decreased (3-60d), and then remained relatively stable. (60d to the end of compost). At the early stage of composting, the content of hot water soluble organic carbon continued to decrease (0-27d). With the time of composting, its content increased (27-45d). In the late composting, the content of hot water soluble organic carbon decreased (45d to the end of compost). The change of alkali soluble organic carbon decreased first (0-16d), and then increased (16-60d). The trend of subsequent decline (60d to the end of compost). In general, each treatment of alkaline soluble organic carbon in low active organic carbon was highly active organic carbon, high active organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon. (3) the change of nitrogen in the process of cow stool accumulation was studied. Change (0-16d), followed by the process of descending (27-45d) after the first rise (16-27d), and after the 45d of the compost (45-53d) - descending (53-60d), the trend of.HN/TN changes with the time of composting, and the change trend is basically consistent with the HN content. The protein content of the low yield group of cow dung is obviously higher than that of the high, middle class, and the middle group. At the end of compost, the content of protein content was in the middle group of high yield group in low yield group. The content of free amino acid (FAA) in each treatment was reduced, and the low yield group in the high yield group was in the high yield group, and the content of 16-33d and FAA increased in the composting group, and in the pile of the composting, at the end of the compost, the content of the protein content increased in the composting group of 0-16d and in the pile of the composting. 33-90d, FAA content continued to lower the initial content of.NH4+-N, and then decreased slightly in the process of composting, and the content of nitrate nitrogen increased with the composting. (4) the emission rate of CO2 was significantly positively correlated with water-soluble organic carbon and highly active organic carbon, and there was a significant positive correlation with hot water soluble organic carbon (.CH4). The rate is very significant positive correlation with water-soluble organic carbon, hot water soluble organic carbon, alkali soluble organic carbon and high active organic carbon. The emission rate of.N2O is significantly negatively correlated with total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, and has a very significant positive correlation with protein and nitrate nitrogen.

【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X713

【参考文献】