豫北平原地下水有机污染特征及健康风险评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 14:12

本文选题：豫北平原 + 濮阳油田　；参考：《华北水利水电大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：地下水资源是豫北平原地区饮用水源的重要组成部分和重要的战略储备水源,但该区的水资源不仅相对匮乏,而且随着城市化、工业化的不断加剧,地下水受到有机污染的情况愈演愈烈。本论文在3次野外取样调查与室内试验测试分析的基础上,分析研究区地下水的有机污染特征,并进行有机污染评价,因濮阳油田地区的地下水污染比较严重,故对该区域进行了健康风险评价。在研究区共布置41个采样点,对水样进行37种有机污染组分检测,结果表明检出浓度较高的污染组分有10种,主要为苯系物和卤代烃。枯水期,甲苯检出率最高,为90.24%,最大检出浓度15.98ug/L;丰水期,检出率最高的仍为甲苯,检出率高达92.68%,最大检出浓度17.98ug/L。苯系物在丰水期的检出率较枯水期都有所增加;三氯甲烷较特殊,丰水期检出率反而低于枯水期。研究区各污染组分均未超过《生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749-2006)》的限值,检出特点为检出率较高但超标率较低。甲苯在研究区分布较广,集中分布于研究区东北部的淇县~汤阴~内黄一带、新乡南部原阳一带和濮阳油田开采区;三氯乙烯和三氯甲烷主要检出点集中在濮阳油田开采区;其余有检出的4种卤代烃类有机物呈现点状零星分布,规律性较差。运用建立的有机污染评价方法,采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法两种污染评价方法分别对研究区地下水中的有机污染进行评价。评价结果表明:研究区地下水中甲苯的污染最严重,地下水有机污染程度主要为重污染,并在濮阳油田开采区形成明显的局部重污染区。为进一步了解有机污染对人体健康造成的风险程度,本论文基于NAS“四步法”对重点调查区地下水中5种目标污染物选取更适合我国群众的暴露参数,从饮水、呼吸和皮肤接触3种暴露途径进行了健康风险评价。评价结果显示:枯水期和丰水期,评价区9个采样点的非致癌风险均小于限值1.0,致癌风险则均大于10-6。枯水期,非致癌风险最低的是D005,最高的是D006,致癌风险最低和最高也分别是D005和D006;丰水期,非致癌风险最低和最高分别是D004和D006,致癌风险最低和最高分别是D001和D006。5种污染物中,苯的非致癌风险占总非致癌风险的比例最高。3种暴露途径带来的风险中,呼吸途径的风险最大,饮水途径次之,皮肤接触途径最小。
[Abstract]:Groundwater resources are an important part of the drinking water source in the Northern Henan plain and an important source of strategic reserve. However, the water resources in this area are not only relatively deficient, but with the urbanization, the industrialization is increasing, and the situation of the organic pollution is becoming more and more intense. In this paper, the 3 field sampling survey and laboratory test analysis On the basis of the analysis of the organic pollution characteristics of the groundwater in the study area and the evaluation of organic pollution, the health risk of the area is evaluated because of the serious pollution of the groundwater in the Puyang oilfield. 41 sampling points are arranged in the study area, and 37 kinds of organic pollution components are detected for the water samples. The results show that the detection concentration is high. There are 10 kinds of dyed components, mainly benzene and halogenated hydrocarbons. The detection rate of toluene is the highest, 90.24%, the maximum detection concentration 15.98ug/L, and the highest detection rate is toluene, the detection rate is up to 92.68%. The maximum detection concentration of 17.98ug/L. benzene series is higher than that in the dry period, and the trichloromethane is more special and abundant in water. The detection rate of the period was lower than the dry water period. All the pollution components in the study area were not more than the limit value of the sanitary standard of drinking water (GB5749-2006). The detection characteristic was that the detection rate was high but the rate of exceeding the standard was low. The distribution of toluene in the study area was wide, concentrated in the Qixian County ~ Tangyin ~ nehuang area in the northeast of the study area, the area of Yuyang and Puyang in southern Xinxiang. The main detection points of trichloroethylene and trichloromethane are concentrated in the mining area of Puyang oilfield, and the other 4 kinds of halogenated hydrocarbons found in the rest are scattered and have poor regularity. Two kinds of pollution evaluation methods, single factor pollution index method and comprehensive pollution index method, are used to evaluate the organic pollution. The evaluation results show that the pollution of the toluene in the groundwater in the study area is the most serious, the degree of organic pollution in the groundwater is mainly heavy pollution, and the obvious local heavy pollution area is formed in the mining area of Puyang oilfield. This is the further study of the risk degree caused by organic pollution to human health. Based on the NAS "four step method", the selection of 5 target pollutants in the groundwater of the key investigation area is more suitable for the public exposure parameters, and the health risk assessment is carried out from 3 exposure channels of drinking water, respiration and skin contact. The results show that the non carcinogenic risk of 9 sampling points in the dry period and the abundant water period is less than 1 of the non carcinogenic risk in the evaluation area. The risk of cancer is greater than the 10-6. dry period, the lowest non carcinogenic risk is D005, the highest is D006, the lowest and highest carcinogenic risk is D005 and D006, the lowest and highest non carcinogenic risk is D004 and D006, the lowest and highest carcinogenic risk is D001 and D006.5, the non carcinogenic risk of benzene is the total non carcinogenic. The proportion of risk was highest. The risk of respiratory tract exposure was the highest among.3 exposures.

【学位授予单位】：华北水利水电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X824

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