平原河网地区不透水面的环境水文效应：时空分异与LID响应

发布时间：2018-05-20 01:04

本文选题：不透水面 + 水环境　；参考：《上海大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：上海是我国高度城市化区域之一,在快速城市化进程中自然地表的透水下垫面不断转换为不透水硬化表面,不透水面快速扩展,成为影响河流生态系统健康的重要因素。本文以平原河网地区上海为例,基于Arc GIS软件及数学分段回归模型,在1989年至2010年间六个时间尺度以及中心城区、原浦东新区、原南汇区三个空间尺度上,探讨了不透水面水环境效益的时空分异特征,并在L-THIA-LID模型参数调整以及验证的前提下,模拟上海地区水文环境对LID开发模式的响应,为上海地区今后的城市建设、流域污染控制、环境规划管理和低影响开发规划等提供决策参考。本文主要结论如下:(1)不透水面的水环境阈值效应存在明显的时间与空间分异特征,在时间分异上,阈值随时间推进呈增大趋势,在全市尺度上各指标平均阈值点从30.93%上升至47.04%;在空间分异上,不透水面的水环境阈值效应南汇区浦东新区中心城区。总体城市化水平高的地区,不透水面率和水环境关系不显著,地表水环境的主导因素是人为对水环境的治理,在总体城市化水平较低的区域,不透水面率与水环境呈非线性关系,不透水面为水环境的主导因素。另外,CODMn、NH3-N、TN、TP、DO五个指标对不透水面的阈值效应较为显著,Phenol以及Oil对不透水面的阈值效应有较强的突变型,且有无阈值的规律性不强,主要因为Phenol以及Oil多来于工业生产,在工业点源排放控制较好的情况下,与不透水面的关系较不显著。(2)不同用地类型中屋顶、道路、绿化占比差异较大,各不透水面形态提取解析结果为旧式住宅拥有最高的道路比例,为42.06%;工业用地拥有最高的屋顶比例,为30.22%,别墅住宅拥有最高的绿化比例,为49.88%。不透水面形态提取解析标准差最小的用地类型为旧式住宅,说明旧式住宅在不透水面形态格局上统一性较高,标准差最大的工业用地,说明工业用地在布局上差异较大。(3)2000年至2010年各研究区域土地利用类型的改变对径流的增长效果显著,其中南汇区增长最为显著,年均增长量达2.67%,其次为浦东新区和中心城区。同时,削减不透水面率对径流的减少效果同样显著,削减相同程度的不透水面率,中心城区径流量对不透水面率降低的响应最为明显,并且降雨量低时径流对不透水面率降低的响应较降雨量高时明显。(4)对单一的低影响开发措施,透水路面对径流降低的效果最明显,其次为绿色屋顶。对联合低影响开发措施,绿色屋顶+透水路面+生物滞留池对径流的削减效果较优,原因是绿色屋顶对径流的削减效果较雨水储蓄罐显著。对工业用地、公共建筑用地、旧式住宅三种用地类型,使用透水路面对径流的削减最明显,对于新式住宅,绿色屋顶效果最好,而对于别墅用地,生物滞留池降低径流的效果最好。
[Abstract]:Shanghai is one of the highly urbanized regions in China. In the process of rapid urbanization, the permeable surface of the natural surface is transformed into the impermeable hardening surface, and the impermeable surface expands rapidly, which has become an important factor affecting the health of the river ecosystem. This paper takes Shanghai as an example, based on Arc GIS software and mathematical piecewise regression model, on six time scales from 1989 to 2010, as well as three spatial scales in central urban area, former Pudong New area and former Nanhui District. In this paper, the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of the water environmental benefits of impermeable surface are discussed. On the premise of adjusting and verifying the parameters of the L-THIA-LID model, the response of the hydrological environment in Shanghai to the LID development model is simulated, which is helpful for the urban construction in Shanghai in the future. Watershed pollution control, environmental planning and low impact development planning provide decision-making reference. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the threshold effect of water environment in impermeable water has obvious characteristics of temporal and spatial differentiation. In time differentiation, the threshold value increases with time. On the scale of the whole city, the average threshold point of each index increased from 30.93% to 47.04.The threshold effect of water environment on impermeable surface was observed in the central district of Pudong New area in Nanhui District. In areas with high level of urbanization, the relationship between surface impermeability and water environment is not significant. The dominant factor of surface water environment is artificial treatment of water environment. The ratio of impermeable surface is nonlinear to water environment, and impermeable surface is the dominant factor of water environment. In addition, the threshold effect of Oil and Oil on the threshold effect of impermeable water surface was significant, and there was a strong regularity of threshold value, mainly because Phenol and Oil were mostly used in industrial production. In the case of better control of industrial point source emissions, the relationship with impermeable water surface is less significant. (2) in different types of land use, the proportion of roof, road and greening is quite different. The results showed that the old house had the highest proportion of roads (42.06), the industrial land had the highest proportion of roof (30.22), and the villa house had the highest proportion of greening (49.88%). The type of land used for extracting and analyzing the form of impermeable surface with the minimum standard deviation is the old type residence, which shows that the industrial land with the highest standard deviation and high uniformity in the pattern of impermeable surface form. From 2000 to 2010, the change of land use types in each study area had a remarkable effect on runoff growth, in which Nanhui District had the most significant increase, with an average annual increase of 2.67%, followed by Pudong New area and central urban area. At the same time, the reduction of impermeable surface rate has the same effect on runoff reduction, and the reduction of the same degree of impermeable surface rate has the most obvious response to the decrease of impermeable surface rate in the central urban area. And the response of runoff to the decrease of impermeable water surface rate when rainfall is low is more obvious than that when rainfall is high. For combined low impact development measures, the effect of green roof permeable pavement biological retention pool on runoff reduction is better, because the green roof has better effect on runoff reduction than Rain Water savings bank. For industrial land, public building land and old residential land, the use of waterway to reduce runoff is the most obvious, for new housing, green roof is the best, but for villa land, The biological retention tank has the best effect on reducing runoff.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X143

【参考文献】