大通湖湿地生态系统服务功能评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 11:31

本文选题：湿地 + 生态服务功能　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：湿地是地球上水陆相互作用形成的独特生态系统,是人类重要的生存环境和自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观之一,具有巨大的环境功能和效益,被誉为“地球之肾”。而在人类的生产生活过程中,往往只注重湿地的经济效益而忽略其生态效益,造成对湿地生态环境的严重破坏。因此只有将湿地生态系统以及在生态过程中所形成及维持的人类赖以生存的效益和自然环境—湿地的生态系统服务功能货币化,才能让人类更加直观的了解湿地的重要性,从而提高人类对湿地的保护意识。本文以益阳市大通湖湿地为研究对象,通过采取频度统计法、Delphi法对初选的生态服务功能评价指标进行筛选,构建湖泊型湿地生态服务功能评价指标体系,采用能值分析法对大通湖湿地2007年和2012年的生态服务功能进行评价,并对大通湖湿地生态服务功能动态变化进行了分析。根据大通湖湿地的现状和生态服务功能的动态变化情况,提出了适合大通湖湿地的保护对策。主要研究结果如下：(1)保留了调蓄水量、优质供水、固碳等12个指标作为最终评价指标体系。并将保留的12个评价指标归为六大类,分别为：涵养水源功能、固碳释氧功能、调节气候功能、保护环境功能、生物多样性保护功能、人文功能。(2)2007年大通湖湿地生态服务功能总能值为2.04×1021sej·a-1,能值货币总价值为1.87×109元·a-1；2012年大通湖湿地生态服务功能总能值为1.78×1021sej·a-1,能值货币总价值为1.60×109元·a-1。(3)2012年大通湖湿地生态服务功能总价值量在2007年的基础上降低了14.44%。其中,各项生态服务功能均有不同程度的增加或减少。发生这些变化的原因主要有：湿地公园森林面积减少；湖底升高；生物种类减少；人为因素的影响；大通湖湿地知名度提高。(4)保护对策有：积极开展湿地保护的宣传；建设湿地自然保护区或湿地公园,切实保护好湿地野生动植物资源；通过立法保护大通湖湿地的生态环境；建立统一协调机构,加强大通湖湿地的管理。
[Abstract]:Wetland is a unique ecosystem formed by the interaction of water and land on the earth. It is one of the important living environment of human beings and one of the ecological landscapes of the richest biological diversity in nature. It has great environmental functions and benefits. It is known as the "kidney of the earth". In the process of human production and life, it often pays attention to the economic benefits of wetlands and neglects it. The ecological benefit has caused serious damage to the ecological environment of the wetland. Therefore, only the monetization of the wetland ecosystem and the human survival benefit and the natural environment, which are formed and maintained in the ecological process, the ecosystem service function of the wetland, can make the human beings more intuitively aware of the importance of the wetland and thus improve the human beings The wetland protection consciousness. This paper takes the Yiyang Datong Lake wetland as the research object. Through the frequency statistics and Delphi method, the ecological service function evaluation index system of the lake type wetland is selected, the ecological service function evaluation index system of the lake wetland is constructed, and the ecological service function of the Datong Lake wetland in 2007 and 2012 is adopted by the energy value analysis method. The dynamic changes of the ecological service function of the Datong Lake wetland were analyzed. According to the current situation of the Datong Lake Wetland and the dynamic change of the ecological service function, the protection countermeasures were put forward. The main results were as follows: (1) the 12 indexes of water storage, high quality water supply and carbon fixation were retained as the final evaluation. The 12 indexes of the evaluation index are classified into six categories: the function of water conservation, the function of carbon fixation and oxygen release, the regulation of climate function, the protection of the environmental function, the protection function of the biodiversity and the human function. (2) the total value of the ecological service function of the wetland in Datong Lake in 2007 is 2.04 * 1021sej. The total value of the energy is 1.87 * 10. 9 yuan. A-1; the total value of the ecological service function of Datong Lake Wetland in 2012 was 1.78 * 1021sej. A-1, the total value of the value of money was 1.60 * 109 yuan. A-1. (3). The total value of the ecological service function of Datong Lake Wetland in 2012 was reduced on the basis of 2007, and all the work of ecological service could be increased or reduced in different degrees. The main reasons for the change are: the reduction in the forest area of the Wetland Park, the rise of the lake bottom, the decrease of the lake bottom, the decrease of the biological species, the influence of human factors, the improvement of the reputation of the Datong Lake wetland. (4) the protection countermeasures are: actively carrying out the propaganda of wetland protection; building the wetland nature reserve or wetland park to effectively protect the wildlife resources of wild animals and plants; Through legislation to protect the ecological environment of Datong Lake wetland, a unified coordinating body should be established to strengthen the management of Datong Lake wetland.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826

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