济南市能见度与大气污染物的关系研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 07:55

本文选题：能见度 + 大气污染物　；参考：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：能见度是大气环境质量的特征因子,雾霾发生往往伴随着大气能见度的降低。导致能见度下降的影响因素非常复杂,气象因素、大气颗粒物和气体污染物的组成及分布等都将会导致颗粒物对光的吸收和散射作用发生变化,从而导致能见度下降的程度不同。因此,全面系统研究能见度与大气污染物的关系,找出其主要影响因子,分析PM2.5化学组分对能见度下降影响程度有利于进一步理解济南市能见度变化趋势,为今后能见度改善政策的制定提供一定参考,同时也为其他地区有一个较好的启示。本研究依托济南市3个典型空气自动监测子站,于2013、2014年分别对可吸入颗粒物(PM1o)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)、二氧化氮(NO_2)、二氧化硫(SO_2)、一氧化碳(CO)、臭氧(O_3)、气象因子及能见度进行了连续自动监测,结合PM2.5手工采样并进行化学组成(NH~(4+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、K~+、Na~+、Cl~-、SO~(42-)、NO~(3-)、OC、EC)分析,研究济南市大气能见度及空气污染物的特征规律。研究表明：1.济南市大气能见度的平均值分别为：春季(3、4、5月份)11.67Km、夏季(6、7、8月份)9.52Km、秋季(9、10、11月份)9.53Km、冬季(12、1、2月份)8.09Km。且主要集中在6级(2.0≤v5.0 Km)、7级(5.0≤v10.0 Km)、8级(10.0≤v20.0Km)三个级别；整体能见度在10Km以下的天数接近一半以上,济南市大气能见度水平较低。2.济南市PM1o平均值分别为：春季0.186 mg/m3、夏季0.148 mg/m3、秋季0.186 mg/m3、冬季0.245 mg/m3；PM2.5平均值依次为0.084 mg/m3、0.078 mg/m3、0.098 mg/m3、0.145 mg/m3;颗粒物污染物较为严重。SO_2平均值分别为：春季0.072 mg/m3、夏季0.054 mg/m3、秋季0.076 mg/m3、冬季0.145 mg/m3。N02平均值分别为：春季)0.048 mg/m3、夏季0.041mg/m3、秋季0.064 mg/m3、冬季0.075 mg/m3。C0平均值分别为：春季1.229 mg/m3、夏季1.081 mg/m3、秋季1.433 mg/m3、冬季2.029 mg/m3。03平均值分别为：春季0.075mg/m3、夏季0.093 mg/m3、秋季0.064 mg/m3、冬季0.044 mg/m3。颗粒物、NO_2、SO_2、CO变化规律相似,与能见度呈一定负相关；O3与能见度成一定程度正相关。3.利用SPSS19.0进行逐步回归分析济南市3子站环境空气常规六项(PM10、PM2.5、 SO_2、NO_2、CO、O_3)及气象五参数(风向、风速、温度、湿度、气压)小时均值监测数据,济南市春、夏、秋、冬四个季节能见度影响因子前二位均为PM2.5、湿度,且R2依次为0.645、0.851、0.818、0.806,整体相关性较好。进一步确定在不同湿度范围内济南市能见度与PM2.5质量浓度定量表征,在湿度范围0%～40%,-8.033-7.254*lnp(PM2.5+ 6.812); 40%～60%,-7.082-5.738*lnp(PM2.5-0.011); 60%-80%,-5.237-4.186* lnp(PM2.5-0.009); 80%-100%,-2.4807-1.950*lnp(PM2.5-0.009)。4.济南市PM2.5化学组分中可溶性离子NH~(4+)、Cl~-、SO~(42-)、NO~(3-)等主要组分浓度均有明显的季度变化,采暖季NH~(4+)、Cl~-、SO~(42-)、NO~3浓度分别为风沙季的3.24、4.17、1.54、2.91倍；Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Na~+浓度变化不明显,K+采暖季浓度是风沙季的2.16倍。进一步对能见度首要影响因子PM2.5化学组分的研究显示,整体来看硫酸盐、硝酸盐、有机碳对大气消光系数贡献值分别为37.75%、20.34%、19.72%,处于前三位。但风沙季、非采暖季、采暖季又存在明显的季度特征：风沙季,硫酸盐、粗颗粒物(coase mass)、有机细粒子、硝酸盐对消光系数贡献率分别为34.64%、19.90%、19.83%、13.80%,粗颗粒物处于第二位；非采暖季,硫酸盐、硝酸盐、有机细粒子对消光系数贡献率分别为45.58%、22.61%、14.60%,硫酸盐的贡献率为三个季度最高；采暖季,有机细粒子贡献率(24.72%)与硝酸盐贡献率(24.60%)相差不大。
[Abstract]:Visibility is the characteristic factor of atmospheric environmental quality, and the occurrence of haze is often accompanied by the reduction of atmospheric visibility. The influence factors of visibility decline are very complex. The meteorological factors, the composition and distribution of atmospheric particles and gas pollutants will lead to the changes in the absorption and scattering of particles to light, which leads to the visibility. The degree of degree decline is different. Therefore, the relationship between visibility and air pollutants is studied systematically, and its main influencing factors are found. The analysis of the effect of PM2.5 chemical component on visibility decline is helpful to further understand the trend of visibility change in Ji'nan, and provide some reference for future visibility improvement policy. The area has a good inspiration. This study relies on 3 typical air automatic monitoring stations in Ji'nan. In 20132014 years, the inhalable particulate matter (PM1o), fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO_2), sulfur dioxide (SO_2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O_3), meteorological factors and visibility are continuously automatically monitored with PM2.5 manual extraction. NH~ (4+), Ca~ (2+), Mg~ (2+), K~+, Na~+, Cl~-, SO~ (42-), analyze the characteristics of atmospheric visibility and air pollutants in Ji'nan. The study shows that the average atmospheric visibility in 1. Ji'nan is: spring (month), summer (month), fall (month) 3Km, winter (12,1,2 month) 8.09Km. and mainly concentrated in the 6 level (2 < v5.0 Km), 7 level (5 < v10.0 Km), 8 grade (10 < v20.0Km) three levels; the overall visibility is close to half of the days below 10Km, and the PM1o average of Ji'nan's atmospheric visibility level in.2. Ji'nan is 0.186 mg/m3 in spring, 0.148 in summer and 0.1 in autumn. 86 mg/m3 and 0.245 mg/m3 in winter; the average value of PM2.5 is 0.084 mg/m3,0.078 mg/m3,0.098 mg/m3,0.145 mg/m3 in turn; the average value of serious.SO_2 for particulate matter is 0.072 mg/m3 in spring, 0.054 mg/m3 in summer and 0.076 in autumn in autumn, and the average value of 0.145 mg/m3.N02 in winter is divided into 0.048, summer and autumn 0.064. Mg/m3, the average value of 0.075 mg/m3.C0 in winter was 1.229 mg/m3 in spring, 1.081 mg/m3 in summer, 1.433 mg/m3 in autumn, and 2.029 mg/m3.03 in winter, respectively: 0.075mg/m3 in spring, 0.093 mg/m3 in summer, 0.064 mg/m3 in autumn, 0.044 mg/m3. particles in winter, NO_2, SO_2, and negative correlation with visibility; Degree of positive correlation.3. using SPSS19.0 for stepwise regression analysis of environmental air routine six items (PM10, PM2.5, SO_2, NO_2, CO, O_3) and meteorological five parameters (wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity, air pressure) in Ji'nan 3 sub stations, and the first two of the four seasons in spring, summer, autumn and winter are all PM2.5, wet and wet. Degree, and R2 is 0.645,0.851,0.818,0.806 in turn, and the overall correlation is good. Further determine the quantitative characterization of visibility and PM2.5 concentration in Ji'nan in different humidity range, in the humidity range from 0% to 40%, -8.033-7.254*lnp (PM2.5+ 6.812); 40% ~ 60%, -7.082-5.738*lnp (PM2.5-0.011); 60%-80%, -5.237-4.186* LNP (PM2.5-0.009); 80%-100%. The concentration of soluble ions NH~ (4+), Cl~-, SO~ (42-) and NO~ (3-) in the chemical components of -2.4807-1.950*lnp (PM2.5-0.009).4. in Ji'nan city have obvious seasonal variations. 2.16 times of the wind sand season. Further research on PM2.5 chemical component of the first influence factor of visibility shows that the contribution value of sulphate, nitrate and organic carbon to atmospheric extinction coefficient is 37.75%, 20.34%, 19.72%, respectively, in the top three. However, the wind sand season, non heating season, and heating season also have obvious quarterly characteristics: Sand Season, sulfuric acid The contribution rate of salt, coarse particles (Coase mass), organic fine particles and nitrate to extinction coefficient were 34.64%, 19.90%, 19.83%, 13.80%, and coarse particles were in second. The contribution rate of sulphate, nitrate and organic fine particles to extinction coefficient was 45.58%, 22.61%, 14.60% respectively in non heating season; the contribution rate of sulphate was the highest in three quarters. The contribution rate of organic fine particles (24.72%) was not significantly different from that of nitrate (24.60%).
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X51;P427.2

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