钢铁企业焦化工序节能减排技术方案研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 00:08

本文选题：钢铁企业 + 焦化　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年,钢铁企业在习主席“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念指导下,对环境保护和生态文明更加重视。自2013年起,我国多个城市先后发生雾霾,大气污染已经向我国敲响了节能减排的警钟,钢铁行业无外乎是祸首之一。中国GDP增速低于能源消费增速,钢铁等能耗与污染产生量高的工业对国民经济贡献虽不算大,节能减排却具有最大潜力。此外《钢铁工业“十二五”发展规划》明确对钢铁企业单位工业增加值的能耗及二氧化碳的排放量提出了各下降18%的要求,而焦化工序即为炼铁等工序提供原材料,其产生的焦炉煤气、余热等二次能源也是钢铁企业的能源基础。因此,钢铁企业焦化工序节能减排工作对于钢铁企业节能减排尤为重要。本文通过对吉林省某钢铁企业实地调研,构建了某钢铁企业焦化工序节能减排指标体系,指标体系主要包含资源消耗指标,燃动力消耗指标,污染物排放指标,财务控制指标。四类指标概括了该钢铁企业焦化工序实施节能减排的着力点,在四类指标的基础上建立了二级指标,主要包含洗精煤消耗量指标、工序能耗指标、用电指标、低压蒸汽消耗指标、二氧化硫排放量指标、颗粒物排放量指标和单位成品成本指标等7项指标。该7项指标可以全面体现某企业采取节能减排技术的效果。通过对企业工艺流程调查及产污环节和高能耗工序研究,分析了该企业的物料平衡、煤气平衡、氨平衡和硫平衡,确定了该企业焦化工序的优劣势,提出了相应改进意见与措施,并针对节能减排重点环节提出了节能减排无/低费与中/高费方案。通过三个无/低费和两个中/高费方案的实施,企业的各项指标值均得到了削减,可见,实施节能减排,企业效益有明显收益。通过一至五方案的实施,指标削减情况如下:洗精煤消耗相对现状分别削减0.14t/t焦、0.01t/t焦、0.12t/t焦、0.12 t/t焦、0.22t/t焦;工序能耗相对现状分别削减11.07kg标煤/t、3.69kg标煤/t、5.80kg标煤/t、9.22 kg标煤/t、16.86kg标煤/t;用电量相对现状分别削减5.99kW·h/t焦、10kW·h/t焦、5.14kW·h/t焦、4.85kW·h/t焦、9.13kW·h/t焦;低压蒸汽相对现状削减0.02m3/t焦、0.03m3/t焦、0.02m3/t焦、0.02m3/t焦、0.04m3/t焦;SO2排放量相对现状削减0.01kg/t焦、0.01kg/t焦、0.02kg/t焦、0.18 kg/t焦、0.02kg/t焦;颗粒物相对现状分别削减0.08kg/t焦、0.28kg/t焦、0.11kg/t焦、0.18 kg/t焦、0.24kg/t焦;单位成品成本相对现状分别降低210元/t焦、190元/t焦、180元/t焦、175元/t焦、320元/t焦。从指标值的变化中可以看出,五个方案的实施均能实现资源节约、能耗下降、污染物减排和降低企业成本的目标。为了进一步筛选出五个方案中效果最佳的方案,本文采用综合指数法对方案进行评价,经研究确定,综合指数值越小表明能耗、物耗及污染物排放量越少,节能减排效果越好。经计算综合指数最大者是方案一,最小者是方案五;说明五个方案相比较,方案五节能减排效果最明显,方案一节能减排效果最不明显。经研究可知,方案五的实施更能充分的减少能耗、物耗和污染物的排放,给企业带来的节能减排效益最大。通过本文五个方案的实施企业焦化工序均得到了节能减排收益。由此可见,钢铁企业焦化工序实施节能减排技术具有可行性,并对促进同行业进步具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, under the guidance of the concept of "green mountain and Jinshan Yinshan" by the president, the iron and steel enterprises pay more attention to environmental protection and ecological civilization. Since 2013, haze has occurred in many cities in China. Air pollution has rounded the alarm clock for energy saving and emission reduction in China. The steel and iron industry has no more than one evil head. The growth rate of GDP in China is lower than that of the iron and steel industry. Energy consumption growth, iron and steel and other energy consumption and pollution production of industry to the national economy is not big, energy conservation and emission reduction has the greatest potential. In addition, the "iron and steel industry" in 12th Five-Year "development plan" clearly to the steel enterprise unit industrial added value of energy consumption and carbon emissions of carbon dioxide emission reduction of 18% requirements, and coking The process is to provide raw materials for iron making, the coke oven gas and waste heat, which produce two energy sources, are also the energy base of iron and steel enterprises. Therefore, the energy saving and emission reduction work of the coking process of iron and steel enterprises is particularly important for the iron and steel enterprises. In this paper, a steel enterprise in Jilin province is studied and the coking of a steel enterprise is built. The index system of process energy saving and emission reduction is mainly composed of resource consumption index, fuel consumption index, pollutant discharge index and financial control index. The four index summarizes the focus of energy saving and emission reduction in the coking process of the iron and steel enterprises, and sets up two grade indexes on the basis of four kinds of indexes, mainly including the consumption of washed coal. Standard, process energy consumption index, power consumption index, low pressure steam consumption index, sulfur dioxide emission index, particulate matter emission index and unit finished product cost index. The 7 indexes can fully reflect the effect of energy saving and emission reduction technology for a certain enterprise. Through the investigation of enterprise process and the process of pollution production and high energy consumption process research According to the analysis of the enterprise's material balance, gas balance, ammonia balance and sulfur balance, the advantages and disadvantages of the coking process are determined, the corresponding improvement opinions and measures are put forward, and the energy saving and emission reduction, low cost and medium / high cost schemes are put forward for the key links of energy saving and emission reduction. The implementation of the three non / low cost and two medium / high cost schemes is carried out. All the index values of the industry have been reduced, so the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction has obvious benefits. Through the implementation of one to five schemes, the index reduction is as follows: 0.14t/t coke, 0.01t/t coke, 0.12t/t coke, 0.12 t/t coke, 0.22t/t coke respectively, and 11.07kg coal /t, 3., respectively, are reduced respectively. 69kg standard coal /t, 5.80kg standard coal /t, 9.22 kg standard coal /t, 16.86kg standard coal /t; consumption of electricity relative to the current situation to reduce 5.99kW h/t coke, 10kW, h/t coke, coke, coke, coking coke; low pressure steam relative status reduction coke, coke, coke, coke, coke; emissions relative status reduction coke, 0 .01kg/t coke, 0.02kg/t coke, 0.18 kg/t coke, 0.02kg/t coke; particles are reduced to 0.08kg/t coke, 0.28kg/t coke, 0.11kg/t coke, 0.18 kg/t coke, 0.24kg/t coke respectively, respectively. The unit cost of finished products is reduced by 210 yuan /t coke, 190 /t coke, 180 yuan /t coke, 175 yuan coke, 320 Yuan coke. It can be seen from the change of index value that five schemes are real. In order to further screen out the best results of the five schemes, the comprehensive index method is used to evaluate the scheme. The less comprehensive index indicates the consumption, the less the material consumption and the emission of pollutants, the effect of energy saving and emission reduction. The best. The largest one is the scheme one and the smallest is the scheme five. It shows that the five schemes are compared, the scheme five is most effective in energy saving and emission reduction, and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is the most obvious. The study shows that the implementation of scheme five can reduce energy consumption, material consumption and pollutant emission, and reduce energy saving and emission reduction to enterprises. The efficiency of the coking process has been achieved by the implementation of the five schemes in this paper. Thus, it is feasible to implement energy saving and emission reduction technology in the coking process of iron and steel enterprises, and it is of great significance to promote the progress of the same industry.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TF089;X757

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