小清河生态健康评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 01:31

本文选题：小清河 + 浮游藻类　；参考：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：河流生态系统健康的概念自提出以来，经过不断完善和发展，目前已经形成大家认可度比较高的概念，对河流生态系统健康的评价成为研究热点。小清河作为山东省内重要河流，对其生态系统健康的评价可以掌握小清河流域现阶段的健康状况，可为小清河治理提供科学依据。本文以小清河为研究对象，根据小清河实际情况，选取干流12个采样点，分季节于2014年5月、7月、9月和11月进行四次采样，分别采集浮游藻类定性、定量样本和进行水质测定。从化学参数、浮游藻类、模糊综合评价三个方面对小清河生态系统健康进行了分析，主要结论如下：（1）根据化学参数氨氮、总磷、COD和叶绿素a不同采样点和不同季节的变化，结果表明小清河夏季水质最好，春季最差，小清河氨氮和总磷浓度从源头至入海口呈逐渐减少的趋势，COD浓度从源头至入海口呈逐渐增大的趋势，小清河受还原性物质污染增强，小清河整体处于中度到重度污染状况。（2）浮游藻类共发现8门53属，其中绿藻门17属，占总数的32.1%，硅藻门15属，占总数的28.3%，蓝藻门11属，占总数的20.8%，裸藻门4属，占总数的7.5%，甲藻门3属，占总数的5.6%，，隐藻门、黄藻门、金藻门各1属，各占总数的1.9%；通过对浮游藻类群落结构、数量和种类的时空变化及其Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Margalef指数的分析，认为小清河整体处于轻度到中度污染状况。（3）为弥补单纯化学评价和生物评价结果可能不同的不足，引入模糊理论，使用熵权模糊综合评价法，综合系统的从社会经济状况、水体理化参数、水生生物和河流及河岸带4个层面选取14项指标对小清河生态系统健康进行评价，得到小清河整体生态健康水平对于良好状态隶属度最高，为0.2706。（4）根据本文对小清河的研究提出了一些治理措施，包含污染源控制、工程措施、生物治理、政策法规等方面。
[Abstract]:Since the concept of river ecosystem health has been put forward, the concept of river ecosystem health has been formed with high recognition through continuous improvement and development, and the evaluation of river ecosystem health has become a hot research topic. As an important river in Shandong province, the evaluation of the ecosystem health of Xiaoqing River basin can grasp the present health status of Xiaoqing River Basin and provide scientific basis for the management of Xiaoqing River. Taking Xiaoqing River as the research object, according to the actual situation of Xiaoqing River, 12 sampling points of the main stream were selected, and four samples were collected in May, July, September and November 2014, respectively, to collect qualitative, quantitative and water quality samples of planktonic algae. The health of Xiaoqing River ecosystem is analyzed from three aspects: chemical parameters, phytoplankton and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) according to the chemical parameters of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus COD and chlorophyll a, the results show that the water quality of Xiaoqing River is the best in summer and the worst in spring. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in Xiaoqing River decreased gradually from the source to the sea entrance. The COD concentration increased gradually from the source to the sea entrance. The pollution of reducing substance in Xiaoqing River was enhanced, and the whole Xiaoqing River was in the condition of moderate to severe pollution. (2) there are 8 phylum 53 genera of phytoplankton, 17 genera of Chlorophyta, 15 genera of diatom, 28. 3% of total, 11 genera of Cyanophyta, 20. 8% of total, 4 genera of Phaeophyta, 7. 5% of total, 3 genera of Pyrophyta, 5. 6% of total, and 5. 6% of Cryptophyta. Based on the analysis of phytoplankton community structure, number and species as well as their Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and Margalef index, it was concluded that the whole Xiaoqing River was slightly to moderately polluted. In order to make up for the possible difference between the results of chemical evaluation and biological evaluation, the fuzzy theory was introduced, and the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to synthesize the social and economic conditions, the physical and chemical parameters of water body. 14 indexes were selected to evaluate the ecological health of Xiaoqing River in 4 layers of aquatic organisms and river and riparian zones. The overall ecological health level of Xiaoqing River was the highest in good condition, which was 0.2706. 4) according to the research of Xiaoqing River in this paper, some measures are put forward, including pollution source control, engineering measures, biological treatment, policies and regulations and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826

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