非点源污染的总量控制研究和应用

发布时间：2018-06-03 17:43

本文选题：非点源 + 水环境容量　；参考：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会和经济的发展,水资源是越来越匮乏,越来越多的水体被污染,旭水河就是其中之一,旭水河大部分断面水质长期不达标,旭水河作为贡井区的水源地和纳污水体在贡井区具有极其重要的作用,为了保护旭水河,给相关部门提供保护旭水河的参考依据,本文以COD、TP、TN为研究因子,进行旭水河贡井段非点源污染总量控制的研究,本论文主要结论如下：1.收集旭水河贡井段行政规划信息图和河网结构信息、以及土地利用现状和人口、牲畜、工业企业排污等资料、以及水质监测资料等,进行汇集整理和数据分析。2.选取建立合适的纳入非点源污染的水环境容量估算模型—背景水质浓度法。对6个控制河段进行纳入非点源污染的不同污染的水环境容量计算。根据水环境容量计算结果可知,部分控制单元由于背景输入浓度高于水环境管理目标,由水质模型得出的水环境容量为负,出现负容量表示该河段已经没有自净能力,负容量的控制单位即使进行现状污染负荷的全部削减,实现零排放,也无法实现其水环境管理目标。对于所有控制单元,枯水期的水环境容量一般都小于丰水期的水环境容量,是因为丰水期作用下非点源污染随降雨径流大量入河,导致该河段水体自净能力下降引起的。对控制单元内各个污染物得出如下结论：对于COD：除控制单元1的平水期和枯水期、控制单元4以外的其他河段环境容量为负,且水环境容量枯水期平水期丰水期；其中因1、5、6、7、8均有较多的企业排污,因此该5个河段无剩余水环境容量。对于TP：整个河段,除控制单元4的丰水期以外,其余时期环境容量均为正,水环境容量枯水期平水期丰水期；对于TN：除控制单元1的丰水期和平水期、控制单元7的丰水期以外,整个河段环境容量都为正,且水环境容量枯水期平水期丰水期；3.建立非点源污染削减模型,计算出各个控制单元不同污染物在不同水期的削减量,根据等比例分配原则,按照非点源污染中各个行业的贡献率进行污染削减量的分配,将其分配到不同水期不同行业。4.本文中对非点源污染源的分析是从畜禽养殖业产污、农田土地利用径流产污和农村生活产污这几个方面开展工作的。根据本论文研究的非点源污染的削减控制结果,参考国内外一些成熟的技术体系,从畜禽养殖业产污、农田土地利用径流产污和农村生活产污等三个方面提出控制技术以及宏观政策方面的污染物控制建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and economy, water resources are becoming more and more scarce, and more water bodies are polluted. The Xushui River is one of them. The water quality of most sections of Xushui River is not up to the standard for a long time. The Xushui River, as the source of water and polluted water in the Gongjing area, plays an extremely important role in the Gongjing area. In order to protect the Xushui River and provide reference basis for the relevant departments to protect the Xushui River, this paper takes the COD TPN TN as the research factor. The total amount of non-point source pollution in the Gongjing section of Xushui River is studied. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. Collect the administrative planning information map and river network structure information, land use status, population, livestock, industrial enterprise sewage data, and water quality monitoring data, collect and collate and data analysis. 2. A suitable water environment capacity estimation model, background water concentration method, including non-point source pollution was established. The water environmental capacity of six controlled river sections with different pollution including non-point source pollution was calculated. According to the calculation results of water environment capacity, some control units have negative water environment capacity, which indicates that the water environment capacity of the river is negative because the background input concentration is higher than the water environment management target, and the negative capacity indicates that the river section has no self-purification ability. The negative capacity control unit can not achieve its water environment management goal even if the current pollution load is reduced completely and the zero discharge is realized. For all the control units, the water environmental capacity in the dry season is generally smaller than that in the high water period, because the non-point source pollution enters the river with the rainfall runoff, which results in the decrease of the water body's self-purification ability. The conclusions of each pollutant in the control unit are as follows: for COD: except for the flat and dry periods of control unit 1, the environmental capacity of the other reaches of the control unit 4 is negative, and the water environmental capacity is abundant in the dry season; There is no residual water environmental capacity in the five reaches because of the large amount of waste water discharged by enterprises. For TP: for the whole reach, except for the high water period of control unit 4, the environmental capacity is positive in the rest of the period, and the water environmental capacity is high in the low water period; for TN1, except for the high water period of control unit 1, The environmental capacity of the whole reach is positive outside the high water season of the control unit 7, and the water environmental capacity is 3. The reduction model of non-point source pollution is established, and the reduction amount of different pollutants in different water periods of each control unit is calculated. According to the principle of equal proportion distribution and according to the contribution rate of each industry in non-point source pollution, the reduction amount of pollution is distributed. Assign it to different industries in different water periods. In this paper, the analysis of non-point source pollution sources is carried out from the aspects of livestock and poultry production, farmland land use path abortion and rural life pollution. According to the reduction and control results of non-point source pollution studied in this paper, and referring to some mature technical systems at home and abroad, the pollution is produced from livestock and poultry breeding. Three aspects of farmland land use and rural life pollution control technology and macro policy pollution control suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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