微藻固碳减排及油脂积累的研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 08:28

  本文选题：微藻 + 影响因素　； 参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：CO_2等温室气体的排放导致温室效应加重,能源危机威胁着人类的全面发展,所以高效固碳技术和新型能源的获得迫在眉睫。微藻可以高效吸收利用CO_2,又可以实现油脂的积累,达到固碳减排和生产油脂的的双重目标,已经受到人们的广泛关注。论文为了探索利用微藻实现固碳减排及制取生物柴油的可行性,对微藻固碳减排和油脂积累进行了研究。通过稀释法对微藻进行分离筛选,得到两种微藻,分别是蓝藻和小球藻。以微藻比生长速率,微藻干重量增加速率和微藻油脂产率为指标,通过单因素实验研究了盐度、pH、接种量、光照强度和温度对上述两种微藻生长及油脂积累的影响。蓝藻生长及油脂积累影响因素研究表明,盐度为15-25g·L-1,pH为6-7,接种量为20%,光照强度为4000lux和温度为25℃时,蓝藻生长状况较好;盐度为25g·L-1,pH为7,接种量为20%,光照强度为4000lux和温度为25℃时,蓝藻油脂积累状况较好。小球藻生长及油脂积累影响因素研究表明,盐度为5g·L-1,pH为7,接种量为20%,光照强度为2000lux和温度为30℃时,小球藻生长状况较好;盐度为15g·L-1,pH为7,接种量为15%,光照强度为2000lux和温度为30℃时,小球藻油脂积累状况较好。以微藻油脂产率为指标,通过响应面法对微藻培养条件进行了优化。蓝藻培养条件优化结果表明,温度、光照强度和pH三个因素与蓝藻油脂产率之间数学模型回归显著。该模型预测,当pH为7.06,光照强度为3850.27lux,温度为25.67℃,接种量为20%,盐度为25g·L-1时,蓝藻油脂产率最大,达到123.656mg·L-1·d-1。验证模型可得,蓝藻实际油脂产率为123.802mg·L-1·d-1。小球藻培养条件优化结果表明,温度、盐度和pH与小球藻油脂产率之间数学模型回归显著。该模型预测,当温度为30.19℃,盐度为15.03g·L-1,pH为6.99,接种量为15%,光照强度为2000lux时,小球藻油脂产率最大,达到133.036mg·L-1·d-1。验证模型得知,小球藻实际油脂产率为132.812mg·L-1·d-1。选取小球藻作为后续实验藻种,以微藻比生长速率,微藻干重量增加速率和微藻固碳率为指标,在优化条件下对微藻进行培养,研究了CO_2含量分别为10%,20%和30%时微藻的固碳能力。结果表明,在CO_2含量为30%时,小球藻固碳率,比生长速率和干重量增加速率最大,分别为40.78%,0.156d-1和108.9mg·L-1·d-1。最终确定采用“超滤气浮耦合采收工艺”对微藻进行采收,并研究了微藻的油脂积累能力,其中,微藻油脂积累能力以微藻油脂产率为指标。通过测定微藻固碳后油脂产率得出,微藻固碳后,其油脂产率达到116.732mg·L-1·d-1。综上所述,微藻在固碳的同时,可以同时积累油脂。所以,可以利用微藻实现固碳减排和生产生物柴油,缓解环境压力和能源危机。
[Abstract]:The emission of CO_2 and other greenhouse gases lead to the aggravation of Greenhouse Effect, and the energy crisis threatens the overall development of human beings, so it is urgent to obtain efficient carbon sequestration technology and new energy sources. Microalgae can efficiently absorb and utilize CO-2, and can realize the accumulation of oil, and achieve the dual goals of carbon sequestration and oil production, which has been paid more and more attention. In order to explore the feasibility of using microalgae to reduce carbon sequestration and to produce biodiesel, the carbon reduction and oil accumulation of microalgae were studied. Two kinds of microalgae, cyanobacteria and Chlorella microalgae, were isolated and screened by dilution method. Based on the specific growth rate of microalgae, the increase rate of dry weight of microalgae and the yield of microalgae oil, the effects of pH, inoculation amount, light intensity and temperature on the growth and oil accumulation of microalgae were studied by single factor experiments. The study on the influence factors of cyanobacteria growth and oil accumulation showed that the growth condition of cyanobacteria was better when salinity was 15-25 g / L ~ (-1), pH was 6-7, inoculation amount was 20, light intensity was 4000lux and temperature was 25 鈩，

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