温度、盐度对两种手性拟除虫菊酯斑马鱼胚胎毒性的影响

发布时间：2018-06-12 01:33

  本文选题：温度 + 盐度　； 参考：《浙江工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,气候变化已影响到人类生产、生活的各个方面,然而其在污染物环境归趋和毒性中也扮演着重要的角色。气候变化主要通过改变温度、盐度、离子浓度等环境因素,影响化学污染物的环境分布和毒性效应。农药是环境中广泛存在的一类化学污染物,而我国使用的农药中约有40%均具有手性结构,它们的水生毒性取决于吸收、富集和代谢及其在这些过程中的对映体选择性。然而,目前对此类农药的水生毒性研究大多还是基于最佳条件下的测试,对不同环境条件下的毒性研究未见系统和深入报道,特别是环境因素变化在对映体选择性毒性中的作用。本课题围绕气候变化背景下水环境的两个关键因素：温度、盐度,以Ⅰ型拟除虫菊酯-联苯菊酯和Ⅱ型拟除虫菊酯-功夫菊酯为目标化合物,以斑马鱼胚胎为模型,研究了手性农药在生物富集和水生毒性的对映体选择性变化特征以及毒理学机制。研究结果表明：随着暴露溶液温度(20℃、25℃和30℃)的上升,顺式联苯菊酯外消旋体cis-BF和功夫菊酯外消旋体(±)-LCT对胚胎的急性毒性和发育毒性均逐渐增强。从对映体毒性分析表明,它们的毒性效应分别主要来自1R-cis-BF和(+)-LCT。随暴露溶液盐度(0‰、5‰、10‰和15‰)的上升,cis-BF对胚胎的急性毒性和发育毒性均显著增强。通过对代谢和甲状腺相关基因表达量的测定分析发现,温度或盐度的升高可能通过影响cis-BF或LCT对相关基因的表达,干扰了代谢和甲状腺的正常生理功能,进而增强了cis-BF或LCT对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性效应。由实验结果我们推测,在温度对cis-BF的毒性影响中,温度对其作用显著,而在温度对LCT的毒性影响中,LCT受到影响相对较小；高盐度增强了cis-BF的毒性,表现出协同效应。此外,温度变化对cis-BF和LCT在斑马鱼胚胎中的富集没有显著影响,盐度升高则增加了斑马鱼胚胎对cis-BF的富集作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, climate change has affected all aspects of human production and life, but it also plays an important role in the environmental trend and toxicity of pollutants. Climate change mainly affects the environmental distribution and toxicity of chemical pollutants by changing environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and ion concentration. Pesticides are a class of chemical pollutants widely existing in the environment, and about 40% of the pesticides used in China have chiral structures. Their aquatic toxicity depends on absorption, enrichment, metabolism and enantioselectivity in these processes. However, most of the current studies on aquatic toxicity of these pesticides are based on tests under optimal conditions, and toxicity studies under different environmental conditions have not been systematically and thoroughly reported. Especially the role of environmental factors in enantioselective toxicity. This paper focuses on two key factors of water environment: temperature, salinity, taking type I pyrethroid bifenthrin and type II pyrethroid-kungthrin as target compounds and zebrafish embryos as model. The enantioselectivity and toxicological mechanism of chiral pesticides in bioconcentration and aquatic toxicity were studied. The results showed that the acute toxicity and developmental toxicity of cis-bifenthrin racem-cis-BF and cypermethrin racemate (卤+ -LCT) increased with the increase of exposure solution temperature (20 鈩，

本文编号：2007647