路域植物生长及表型可塑性与公路交通生态浅析

发布时间：2018-06-12 00:15

本文选题：公路交通污染 + 公路生态　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来随着我国公路里程数和机动车数量的逐年增加,公路交通造成的污染也越来越严重。车辆产生的噪声、排放的废气、产生的扬尘等会对交通环境产生噪声污染、大气污染以及水污染等,这些污染会对公路周边的植物生长发育产生影响,使植物表型发生变化。本文以国道309线陕西延安富县段和国道210线富县段周边植物为研究对象,基于对道路路域植物进行多样性调查的基础上,研究了国道309线及210线富县段周边土壤含水量、植物叶片滞尘量及公路交通量,并分别对主要优势植物的株高、根长、叶面积、根冠比等表型可塑性指标进行测定,分析了国道309线与210线富县段路域植物的多样性指数产生差异的原因;公路交通量与植物叶片滞尘量的相关性;影响主要优势植物表型可塑性指标差异的因素。根据结果探究了国道309线与210线公路周边植物的生长情况及其对生境适应性的特点,揭示了公路周边植物表型可塑性指标的差异及其原因,为研究公路生态以及周边植物的选择与种植提供重要的理论依据。研究结果表明:(1)通过对国道309线与210线富县段公路周边的植物进行样地调查,可以看出国道309线与210线富县段路域植物的多样性较丰富,植物主要为草本与低矮灌木,种类主要有茵陈、灰绿藜、艾草、老鹤草及覆盆子。在这主要的五种植物中,占数量优势的物种为茵陈、灰绿藜和艾草。(2)通过对国道309线与210线富县段公路交通量进行实地测定,国道309线富县段公路的日交通量(折算为小型客车数量)为15708辆/日,210线富县段公路的日交通量(折算为小型客车数量)为6606辆/日,根据公路等级划分标准,双车道二级公路的日交通量应为5000-15000辆/日,由此看出国道309线与210线为典型的双车道二级公路。(3)国道309线与210线富县段公路周围,从路边到边坡上,随着路距与高度的不断增加,土壤的含水量逐渐下降,植物的辛普森多样性指数增大。(4)国道309线与210线富县段公路边植物的单位叶片滞尘量和株高随着路距与高度的增加而减少,而植物的根长增加、叶面积增大、根冠比增大。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increase of highway mileage and the number of motor vehicles, the pollution caused by highway traffic is becoming more and more serious. The noise, exhaust gas and dust produced by the vehicle will cause noise pollution, air pollution and water pollution to the traffic environment. These pollution will affect the growth and development of plants around the highway and make the plant phenotype change. In this paper, the surrounding plants of Fuxian section of Yanan County and 210 Line of National Road are taken as the research object, and the soil moisture content around Fuxian Section of National Highway 309 and Line 210 is studied on the basis of investigating the diversity of the plants in the road area. The plant leaf dust retention and road traffic were measured. The plant height, root length, leaf area, root-shoot ratio and other phenotypic plasticity indexes of the main dominant plants were measured. The reasons for the difference of plant diversity index between Fuxian section of National Highway 309 and Line 210, the correlation between highway traffic volume and plant leaf dust retention, and the factors influencing the difference of phenotypic plasticity of main dominant plants were analyzed. Based on the results, the growth of plants and their adaptability to habitat were investigated, and the differences of phenotypic plasticity indexes and their causes were revealed. It provides an important theoretical basis for the study of highway ecology and the selection and planting of surrounding plants. The results show that the plant diversity in the road area of Fuxian section of National Road 309 and 210 is rich, and the plants are mainly herbaceous and low shrub. The main species are Yinchen, Chenopodium graminearum, Artemisia, Crane grass and raspberry. Among the five main plants, the dominant species in number were Artemisia capillaris, Chenopodium graminearum and Acacia chinensis.) the traffic volume of Fuxian section of National Road 309 and Route 210 was measured on the spot. The daily traffic volume (converted to the number of minibuses) of the Fuxian section of National Road 309 is 15708 vehicles per day, and the daily traffic volume (converted to the number of minibuses) of the Fuxian Section of National Road 309 is 6606 per day. According to the standard of highway grade, the daily traffic volume of Fuxian section of National Road 309 (converted to the number of minibuses) is 6606 vehicles per day. The daily traffic volume of the two-lane second-class highway should be 5000-15000 vehicles / day, so it can be seen that the national highway 309 and 210 are typical two-lane second-class highway .zhuang3) the national highway 309 and 210 line around the Fuxian section of the highway, from the roadside to the slope, With the increasing of the distance and height of the road, the water content of the soil decreases gradually. The Simpson diversity index of plants increased. 4) the amount of dust retention per unit leaf and plant height decreased with the increase of distance and height, but the root length, leaf area and root-shoot ratio increased with the increase of road distance and height in Fuxian section of National Highway 309 and 210.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X734;U418.9

【参考文献】