图们江流域人工湿地生态系统服务价值研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 10:07

本文选题：图们江流域 + 人工湿地生态系统　；参考：《延边大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：图们江流域属于中温带近海洋性大陆季风区,光能资源、热量资源、水资源丰富。在其流域内水稻播种面积和总产量占全国的比重都比较大。水库湿地是人为对自然的河流湿地区域性改变或重塑的产物,是重要的人工湿地,是人为影响局部生态环境的基本方式之一。目前,生态系统服务是生态学领域研究的新热点。随着近年来,经济迅速发展、人口增长加快,交通设施的建设,使周围的水稻田生态环境遭受破坏,水库面积也幅度增加。因此准确的进行图们江流域人工生态系统服务价值评价研究,从而实现该区域人工湿地生态系统的可持续发展。本研究结合国内外专家学者的研究成果,选取和建立合理的图们江流域人工湿地生态系统服务评估指标体系,对生物量、物质生产功能、气体调节功能、蓄水防洪功能、环境净化功能、景观文化功能、温室气体功能七个功能运用替代市场法、市场价值法、瑞典碳税法、造林成本法、工业制氧法、影子工程法、量因子价值评估方法,对图们江流域1990年、2000年、2010年的人工湿地生态系统服务开展综合评价,并对估算结果进行比较。分析表明,1990年、2000年、2010年服务净价值量分别为303973.80万元、465971.65万元、761416.73万元；1990年、2000年、2010年服务正价值量分别为307225.38万元、468898.45万元、763855.49万元；1990年、2000年、2010年服务负价值量分别为3251.58万元、2926.80万元、2438.76万元。反映出图们江流域人工湿地生态系统服务价值巨大,并呈现递增趋势大幅增长。同时,在正价值的估算中,调节温度及调节湿度在进20年中占服务主体地位,贡献率达80%,这表明人工水库的建造已经对生态系统服务产生巨大影响。由于水稻田种植的减少,负价值温室气体的价值量呈现递减趋势。对图们江流域人工湿地生态系统服务净价值敏感性分析得出,敏感系数最大的为气体调节。通过本文研究得出的结论表明图们江流域人工湿地生态系统服务总体趋势呈现递增的良好发展,并持续为人类生产生活做出贡献。但是由于水稻荒弃而引起的价值变化,也应引起延边州政府和人民的重视,本文对图们江流域人工湿地生态系统服务价值的评估研究为延边州建设生态农业、渔业做好基础,为进一步更为完善的研究人工湿地生态系统做好理论基础,为更好合理的规划和管理人工湿地生态系统提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Tumen River Basin belongs to the mid-temperate near oceanic continental monsoon region, which is rich in light energy, heat and water resources. In its basin, rice planting area and total yield account for a large proportion of the country. Reservoir wetland is the product of man-made regional change or remodeling of natural river wetland, is an important artificial wetland, is one of the basic ways of man-made impact on the local ecological environment. At present, ecosystem service is a new research hotspot in the field of ecology. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, population growth and the construction of transportation facilities, the ecological environment of paddy fields around has been destroyed, and the area of reservoirs has also increased. Therefore, the evaluation of service value of artificial ecosystem in Tumen River Basin is carried out accurately, so as to realize the sustainable development of constructed wetland ecosystem in this region. Based on the research results of experts and scholars at home and abroad, this study selects and establishes a reasonable evaluation index system for ecosystem service of constructed wetland in Tumen River Basin, which can regulate biomass, material production function, gas regulation function, water storage and flood control function. Seven functions including environmental purification function, landscape culture function, greenhouse gas function, using alternative market method, market value method, Swedish carbon tax law, afforestation cost method, industrial oxygen production method, shadow engineering method, quantitative factor value evaluation method, The ecosystem services of constructed wetlands in Tumen River Basin in 1990, 2000 and 2010 were evaluated, and the estimated results were compared. The analysis shows that the net value of service in 1990, 2000 and 2010 is 3.039738 billion yuan, 4.6597165 billion yuan, 7.6141673 billion yuan respectively, and the positive value of service in 1990, 2000 and 2010 is 3.0722538 billion yuan, 4.6889845 billion yuan, 7.6385549 billion yuan respectively. The negative value of service in 1990, 2000 and 2010 was 32.5158 million yuan, 29.268 million yuan, 24.3876 million yuan respectively. The results show that the service value of constructed wetland ecosystem in Tumen River basin is huge and the increasing trend is increasing. At the same time, in the estimation of positive value, the adjustment of temperature and humidity occupies the main position of service in the past 20 years, and the contribution rate is 80%, which indicates that the construction of artificial reservoir has a great impact on ecosystem services. Due to the decrease of rice field planting, the value of negative greenhouse gases is decreasing. The sensitivity analysis of the net value of the constructed wetland ecosystem services in the Tumen River Basin shows that the most sensitive coefficient is gas regulation. The conclusion of this paper shows that the overall trend of ecosystem service of constructed wetland in Tumen River basin is increasing and good development, and continue to contribute to human production and life. However, due to the value change caused by rice wasteland, the government and people of Yanbian should pay more attention to it. The evaluation and research on the service value of constructed wetland ecosystem in Tumen River basin are the foundation for the construction of ecological agriculture and fishery in Yanbian prefecture. It provides a scientific basis for better planning and management of artificial wetland ecosystem.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826

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