车内污染物的分析评价及净化研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 05:10

本文选题：空气品质 + 车内污染　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济发展,汽车产销量越来越高且增速不减,这意味着更多的人将在车内度过更长的时间。空气品质关注的重点范围也逐渐由室内环境转移至车内微环境。车内污染危害人体健康的报道屡见不鲜,所谓“驾车综合症”也为人熟知。本文从车内微环境问题着手,分析了车内污染物的污染特征,研究空气品质的评价方法以对汽车内空气环境的真实状况进行客观分析,最后针对分析结果提出相应的控制净化策略,以达到保证一个健康的车内空气环境的最终目的。论文首先就国内外在相关领域的研究成果进行分析,总结了车内污染的严重程度、污染的来源特征与影响因素,污染物的种类及其危害程度。以大致了解何种污染物为车内最为常见有何种危害,及其随着浓度不同的危害程度,从而找出解决问题的最直接手段。接着针对车内主要污染物研究了其限值浓度,由于我国没有相关强制性标准,笔者参考了国外有关标准及国内相关标准给出了建议动态限值。在有相关标准的指导的前提下,笔者分析总结了车内空气品质的评价方法如综合指数法、健康风险评价法、灰色关联分析法、模糊评价法等,对车内空气品质给出最为客观准确的评价,以评估车内状态对人体健康的直接间接影响程度。如将车内空气状况由好到坏划分为清洁、未污染、轻污染、中污染、重污染五个级别,通过对车内某状态下污染物的相关计算将其归为以上其中一个清洁等级,从而对车内污染情况进行指导。最后针对汽车行驶状态下的悬浮颗粒物PM2.5,CO2,CO,TVOC四种污染物进行了实测。样本收集于不同道路、与不同通风模式之下。然后分析了4种评价因子浓度的测试结果及其随时间的变化规律,与污染物浓度受不同环境状态的影响程度。进而根据分析得到的规律对车内控制及净化策略进行了探讨。
[Abstract]:With China's economy growing, car production and sales are growing faster and faster, which means more people will spend more time in the car. The focus of air quality has gradually shifted from the indoor environment to the interior microenvironment. Car pollution has been reported as a threat to human health, and so-called "driving syndrome" is also well known. In this paper, the pollution characteristics of pollutants in vehicle are analyzed, and the evaluation method of air quality is studied in order to analyze objectively the real situation of air environment in vehicle. Finally, the corresponding control and purification strategies are put forward to ensure a healthy air environment in the vehicle. Firstly, the paper analyzes the domestic and foreign research results in related fields, summarizes the degree of pollution in vehicles, the characteristics of pollution sources and influencing factors, the types of pollutants and their harm degree. In order to find out the most direct way to solve the problem, it is necessary to know which pollutants are the most common hazards in the vehicle and the degree of harm with different concentrations. Then the limit concentration of the main pollutants in the vehicle is studied. Since there is no relevant mandatory standard in our country, the author gives the suggested dynamic limit value with reference to the foreign standards and the domestic standards. Under the guidance of relevant standards, the author analyzed and summarized the evaluation methods of air quality in vehicle, such as comprehensive index method, health risk assessment method, grey relational analysis method, fuzzy evaluation method, etc. The most objective and accurate evaluation of the air quality in the vehicle is given in order to evaluate the degree of direct and indirect influence of the state of the vehicle on human health. If the air condition in the car is divided from good to bad into five grades: clean, unpolluted, light, medium, heavy, and classified as one of the above cleaning grades through the calculation of the pollutants in a certain state of the vehicle, In order to guide the pollution situation in the car. Finally, four kinds of pollutants, PM2.5 and CO2CO2COTOC, were measured. Samples are collected on different roads and under different ventilation modes. Then, the test results of four kinds of evaluation factor concentrations and their changes with time were analyzed, and the influence degree of pollutant concentration on different environmental conditions was analyzed. Furthermore, the internal control and purification strategy are discussed according to the law obtained from the analysis.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U463.8;X51

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