胶团强化超滤去除苯胺废水的工艺研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 14:00

本文选题：胶团强化超滤 + 苯胺　；参考：《华北电力大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着中国经济发展,中国化工产业进入高速发展时期。苯胺被广泛的应用在化工工业,化工生产过程中产生了大量的苯胺废水,这些废水危害着生态安全,使人类身体健康受到威胁。常规苯胺去除办法存在着明显的局限性,阻碍了方法的工业推广应用。胶团强化超滤技术具有节能环保,去除微污染物效果好而被广泛关注。本研究将环境友好型表面活性剂鼠李糖脂与超滤技术结合治理苯胺废水,有着广阔的前景。首先文章介绍了苯胺的性质,易燃易爆等危害性,揭示苯胺常规处理技术的优缺点,应用胶团强化超滤技术处理苯胺废水。着重分析了胶团强化超滤技术的组成部分,包括：超滤膜、表面活性剂、污染物和超滤设备。讨论了影响胶团强化超滤技术处理效果的因素,其中有表面活性剂浓度、污染物浓度、跨膜压力、pH值、电解质、温度和表面活性剂复配。本文选取了阴离子表面活性剂SDS和生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂作为添加剂,研究其对苯胺去除效果以及影响因素。实验分为两部分,第一部分为SDS胶团强化超滤处理苯胺,考察SDS浓度、pH值、盐度和温度四个因素对苯胺截留率和膜渗透通量的影响,主次顺序,研究胶团强化超滤去除苯胺的作用机理。第二部分将鼠李糖脂和SDS进行复配,考察SDS和鼠李糖脂复配比、pH、盐度、操作压力和进料液苯胺浓度五个因素对苯胺截留率和膜渗透通量的影响,主次顺序,分析鼠李糖脂复配表面活性剂截留苯胺的作用机理。研究发现,(1)苯胺截留率随SDS浓度增加而增大,温度升高而减小,pH增大而减小,盐度增大而减小。膜渗透通量随SDS浓度增加而减小,随温度升高而升高,pH变化膜通量基本保持不变,盐度增大膜通量减小。影响苯胺截留率的因素主次顺序为pHSDS浓度盐度温度,影响膜渗透通量的因素主次顺序为温度SDS浓度盐度pH。 (2)苯胺截留率随SDS：鼠李糖脂复配比增加而增大,随着进料液pH值升高先下降后又缓慢上升；随盐度的增大先增大后减小,随压力的增大而减小,随着进料液苯胺浓度增加苯胺截留率先升高后下降。膜渗透通量随SDS：鼠李糖脂复配比增加而减小,随pH值升高而增大,盐度增大增大先减小后增大,随操作压力增大而增大,随着进料液苯胺浓度增加基本保持不变。影响苯胺截留率的因素主次顺序为pH复配比操作压力苯胺浓度盐度,影响膜渗透通量的因素主次顺序为复配比操作压力盐度pH苯胺浓度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of China's economy, China's chemical industry has entered a period of rapid development. Aniline has been widely used in chemical industry and has produced a large amount of aniline wastewater in the process of chemical production, which endangers ecological security and threatens human health. The conventional aniline removal method has obvious limitations, which hinders the industrial application of the method. Micelle enhanced ultrafiltration technology has been widely concerned because of its advantages of energy saving and environmental protection and good removal of micro-pollutants. In this study, environmental friendly surfactant rhamnolipid and ultrafiltration were combined to treat aniline wastewater. In this paper, the properties of aniline, its flammability and explosion are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of aniline conventional treatment technology are revealed. The micelle enhanced ultrafiltration technology is used to treat aniline wastewater. The components of micelle enhanced ultrafiltration technology, including ultrafiltration membrane, surfactant, contaminant and ultrafiltration equipment, are emphatically analyzed. The factors affecting the treatment effect of micelle enhanced ultrafiltration were discussed, including surfactant concentration, pollutant concentration, pH value of transmembrane pressure, electrolyte, temperature and the combination of surfactants. In this paper, anionic surfactant SDS and biosurfactant rhamnolide were selected as additives to study the removal efficiency of aniline and its influencing factors. The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was the treatment of aniline by SDS micelle enhanced ultrafiltration. The effects of SDS concentration and pH value, salinity and temperature on the retention of aniline and the permeation flux of aniline were investigated. The mechanism of micelle enhanced ultrafiltration for removing aniline was studied. In the second part, the effects of pH, salinity, operating pressure and aniline concentration on the retention of aniline and membrane permeation flux were investigated. The mechanism of retention of aniline by rhamnolipid surfactant was analyzed. It is found that the retention of aniline increases with the increase of SDS concentration, decreases with the increase of temperature, decreases with the increase of pH and decreases with the increase of salinity. The membrane flux decreases with the increase of SDS concentration, increases with the increase of temperature, and keeps constant with the increase of pH, and decreases with the increase of salinity. The main and secondary factors affecting the retention of aniline were pH SDS concentration salinity temperature, and the main and secondary factors affecting membrane permeation flux were temperature SDS concentration salinity pH. (2) the retention rate of aniline increased with the increase of SDS: rhamnolipid ratio, decreased first and then increased slowly with the increase of pH value of feed solution, and increased first and then decreased with the increase of salinity, and decreased with the increase of pressure. With the increase of aniline concentration in feed solution, the retention of aniline increased first and then decreased. The permeation flux decreases with the increase of SDS: rhamnolipid ratio, increases with the increase of pH value, decreases firstly with the increase of salinity, increases with the increase of operating pressure, and remains basically unchanged with the increase of the concentration of aniline in feed solution. The main and secondary factors affecting the retention of aniline were pH compounding operation pressure aniline concentration salinity, and the main and secondary factors affecting membrane permeation flux were mixed ratio operation pressure salinity pH aniline concentration.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X783

【参考文献】