临安市农村生活污水长效治理的影响因素及其对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 20:04

本文选题：长效治理 + 农村生活污水排放　；参考：《浙江农林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国农村经济社会的发展和农村人口的迅速集聚,农村生活污水的无序排放造成大部分农村地区水体污染,严重影响了农村的土壤、地下水资源、农村居住环境以及农村居民的饮用水安全和身体健康。而农村生活污水污染问题是一个长期产生且需要长期治理的问题,但农村生活污水处理设施建成后形成长期运行管理和维护比较困难,因此,如何保证工程设施持续、稳定、经济地运行,长效发挥改善区域水环境的作用,已成为当前农村生活污水治理的关键。本研究立足农村生活污水长效治理的目标,在浙江省临安市运用典型抽样的方法分别选取3个乡镇6个行政村90户村民进行问卷调查,在阐述临安市农村生活污水排放及其治理状况的基础上,分析农村生活污水长效治理的影响因素,进而提出临安市农村生活污水长效治理的对策建议。主要研究过程和结论如下:(1)实地调查发现,农村生活污水主要来自厕所、厨房和洗涤用水,农村生活污水排放及治理的主要特点包括:污水排放分散、污水排放变化幅度大、排放体制不完善以及污水水质波动不大、来源广、排放分散、技术难度大和受自然条件限制、主要由村委会牵头开展工作等几方面。总体来说,从杭州市范围来看,临安市农村生活污水治理工作进展顺利、完成较好且受益村民数最多。(2)从客观和主观两个角度分析了农村生活污水长效治理的影响因素,客观因素包括政策、技术、资金及组织因素,主观因素主要是村民的认知与意愿因素。其中在分析村民的认知与意愿因素时采用二元选择模型中的logit模型对村民意愿进行实证分析。结果表明,村民受教育年限对村民的选择意愿在5%水平下具有显著的负影响;村民对村委工作是否满意对村民的选择意愿在1%水平下具有显著的正影响;是否为传统生产生活习惯对村民选择意愿在1%水平下有显著的正影响;是否愿意支付治理费用对村民的选择意愿在10%水平下具有显著的负影响。(3)根据对农村生活污水长效治理影响因素的分析总结,提出推进临安市农村生活污水治理是一项系统而复杂的长期工程,农村生活污水造成的污染是一个长期产生且需要长期治理的问题,需要多方力量共同参与。因此,从主要客观和主观两个层面对农村生活污水长效治理提出对策建议,客观层面包括完善政策措施;稳定资金持续投入、加强技术保障、明确职权范围和考核指标、提供人才保障和选择运维管理模式主观层面包括提高村民认知水平和增强村民对村委会的信任。
[Abstract]:With the development of rural economy and society and the rapid agglomeration of rural population, the disorderly discharge of rural domestic sewage has caused water pollution in most rural areas, which has seriously affected the soil and groundwater resources in rural areas. Rural living environment and drinking water safety and health of rural residents. The problem of rural domestic sewage pollution is a long-term problem that needs long-term treatment. However, it is difficult to form long-term operation, management and maintenance of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities after completion. Therefore, how to ensure the project facilities to be sustainable and stable, It has become the key to the treatment of rural domestic sewage to operate economically and to improve the regional water environment for a long time. Based on the goal of long-term treatment of rural domestic sewage, 90 villagers in 6 administrative villages in 3 towns were selected by the typical sampling method in Linan City, Zhejiang Province. On the basis of expounding the discharge of rural domestic sewage and its treatment in Linan city, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of long-term effective treatment of rural domestic sewage, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for long-term effective treatment of rural domestic sewage in Linan city. The main research process and conclusions are as follows: (1) the field investigation shows that the rural domestic sewage mainly comes from toilet, kitchen and washing water. The main characteristics of rural domestic sewage discharge and treatment include the dispersion of sewage discharge and the large change of sewage discharge. The discharge system is not perfect, and the water quality of sewage is not fluctuating, the source is wide, the discharge is dispersed, the technical difficulty is big and the natural condition is limited, the village committee mainly leads the work and so on. In general, from Hangzhou, the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Linan is progressing smoothly, and the number of villagers is the most. (2) from the objective and subjective perspectives, the influencing factors of long-term treatment of rural domestic sewage are analyzed. Objective factors include policy, technology, fund and organization. Subjective factors are mainly cognition and willingness of villagers. The logit model in the binary selection model is used to analyze the villagers' willingness when analyzing the factors of the villagers' cognition and willingness. The results showed that the number of years of education had a significant negative effect on villagers' willingness to choose at the level of 5%, and whether the villagers were satisfied with the work of the village committee had a significant positive effect on the willingness of the villagers to choose at the level of 1%. Whether it is a traditional production and living habit has a significant positive effect on villagers' willingness to choose at the level of 1%; Whether the villagers are willing to pay for the treatment cost has a significant negative effect on the villagers' willingness to choose at the level of 10%. (3) based on the analysis of the factors affecting the long-term treatment of rural domestic sewage, It is proposed that promoting the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Linan is a systematic and complex long-term project, and the pollution caused by rural domestic sewage is a long-term problem that needs long-term treatment, and requires the participation of various forces. Therefore, from the main objective and subjective aspects of the long-term management of rural domestic sewage countermeasures and recommendations, the objective level includes improving policies and measures, stabilizing the sustained investment of funds, strengthening technical protection, clear terms of reference and assessment indicators, The subjective aspects of providing talent security and choosing operation and maintenance management mode include improving villagers' cognitive level and enhancing villagers' trust in village committees.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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