壬基酚、辛基酚的多介质环境归趋研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 03:36

本文选题：壬基酚 + 辛基酚　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：壬基酚(NP)和对叔辛基酚(4-t-OP,以下简称OP)是重要精细化工原料,主要用于生产壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚,而其又作为降解产物进入环境系统。烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚约80%,辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚约15%)作为非离子表面活性剂广泛用于洗涤用品和工业加工助剂中,使得大量NP和OP通过多种途径进入环境。NP和OP作为典型环境内分泌干扰物,对生物体具有内分泌干扰效应,造成机体生殖异常,影响子代发育,具有神经毒性和免疫毒性等。进入环境的NP和OP除了影响环境系统中生物,还可通过食物链进入人体,具有一定潜在生态风险,因而对环境中NP和OP环境归趋行为的研究尤为重要。本论文选择滇池水域为研究区域,在非稳态非平衡条件下建立Ⅳ级多介质环境逸度模型,估算输入量,研究1991-2013年间NP和OP在滇池水域的动态归趋,确定主要环境过程、环境分配行为以及影响归趋的主要输入参数。此外,在模型计算的基础上,预测2015、2020、2025年滇池水域各环境相NP和OP浓度并进行基本生态风险分析。该研究对了解滇池水域NP和OP污染现状以及生态保护提供理论支撑,对滇池水域内分泌干扰物生态风险评价具有重要意义。研究结果表明,本论文建立的Ⅳ级多介质环境逸度模型计算结果与NP和OP实测值吻合较好,NP在滇池水域各相浓度为：鱼体中层沉积物相表层沉积物相水相,OP在滇池水域各相浓度为：表层沉积物相中层沉积物相鱼体水相,其浓度受外界输入的影响较大。进入滇池水域的NP和OP主要通过水相中降解去除,约占入滇总量的77.11%和75.50%,余下部分主要通过水相进入表层沉积物相以及平流输出。NP在不同环境迁移过程中,水相至表层沉积物相、表层沉积物相至中层沉积物相和平流输出为其主要迁移过程,水相至表层沉积物相、平流输出和表层沉积物相至中层沉积物相则是OP主要迁移过程,水相至气相、鱼体至水相和中层沉积物相至表层沉积物相的迁移通量最小,其值可忽略不计。NP和OP灵敏度分析结果相似,对整体而言,Kw灵敏度值较大,是影响水相中NP和OP浓度的主要参数,进而影响其他环境相中NP和OP浓度。表层沉积物相中,Kw、VpSl、 focSl、Koc,灵敏度值较大,中层沉积物相中,参数Vps2、Ubs的变化对NP和OP在中层沉积物相的浓度有较大影响。鱼体中参数KF、Kw的变化对NP和OP在鱼体中的浓度影响较大。通过对NP和OP浓度预测,至2025年,滇池水域各环境相中NP浓度分别为：水相1.72E-07 mol·m-3,表层沉积物相411E-05 mol·m-3,中层沉积物相339E-05 mol·m-3,鱼体5.52E-05 mol·m-3; OP浓度分别为：水相526E-08 mol·m-3,表层沉积物相3.13E-05 mol·m-3,中层沉积物相2.19E.05 mol·m-3,鱼体1.93E-05 mol·m-3。通过对各环境相中NP和OP生态风险现状及预测分析,水相中NP和OP相对危害较小,沉积物相和鱼体中NP和OP污染需要得到重视。尽管目前滇池水域不存在严重的NP和OP生态风险,但仍对生物体具有一定潜在危害,尤其是NP。滇池水域各环境相中NP和OP浓度持续上升,由于NP和OP持久性、潜伏性以及生物富集性,仍可对食物链造成潜在风险,因而NP和OP的污染情况不容忽视。
[Abstract]:Nonylphenol (NP) and P - tert - octyl (4-t-OP, hereinafter referred to as OP) are important fine chemical raw materials, mainly used in the production of nonylphenol ethoxylates and octyl polyoxyethylene ether, and they are also used as degradation products to enter the environmental system. Alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether about 80%, octyl polyoxyethylene ether about 15%) is used as non isolation. Subsurface active agents are widely used in washing products and industrial processing auxiliaries, making a large number of NP and OP into the environment.NP and OP as typical environmental endocrine disruptors. It has endocrine disrupting effects on organisms, resulting in the abnormal reproduction of the organism, the development of the progeny, the neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity, and so on. It enters the environment of NP. And OP, in addition to affecting the organism in the environmental system, can also enter the human body through the food chain, and has a certain potential ecological risk. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the behavior of NP and OP environment in the environment. In this paper, Dianchi water area is chosen as the research area, and the environmental fugacity model of the fourth grade multi medium environment is built under the unsteady state non equilibrium condition, and the input quantity is estimated. The dynamic trend of NP and OP in Dianchi waters in the past 1991-2013 years was studied. The main environmental processes, environmental distribution behavior and the main input parameters affecting the convergence were determined. On the basis of the model calculation, the concentrations of NP and OP in each environment of the Dianchi waters were predicted and the basic ecological risk was analyzed. The study on the understanding of Dianchi water The pollution status of NP and OP and the ecological protection provide theoretical support. It is of great significance to the ecological risk assessment of endocrine disruptors in Dianchi waters. The results of the study show that the calculation results of the environmental fugacity model of grade IV multi medium environment in this paper are in good agreement with the measured values of NP and OP, and the concentration of NP in the waters of Dianchi is the middle layer sediments of the fish body. The phase surface sediment phase water phase, the concentration of OP in the water phase of the Dianchi waters is: the water phase of the layer sediments in the surface sediments, the concentration is greatly influenced by the external input. The NP and OP entering the waters of Dianchi are mainly degraded and removed in the water phase, accounting for about 77.11% and 75.50% of the total amount of Yunnan. The remaining part mainly enters the surface layer through the water facies. Phase and advection output.NP in different environmental migration process, water phase to surface sediment phase, surface sediment phase to middle layer sediment phase and advection output is the main migration process, water phase to surface sediment phase, advection output and surface sediment phase to middle layer sediment phase are main migration process of OP, water phase to gas phase, fish body to The migration flux of the water phase and the middle layer sediment phase to the surface sediments is minimal, and its value can be ignored without the similar results of.NP and OP sensitivity analysis. For the whole, the Kw sensitivity is larger, which is the main parameter affecting the concentration of NP and OP in the water phase, and then affects the concentration of NP and OP in other environmental phases. In the surface sediments, Kw, VpSl, focSl, Koc, spirit The changes in the parameters Vps2 and Ubs have great influence on the concentration of NP and OP in the middle layer sediments. The changes in the parameters of KF and Kw in the fish body have great influence on the concentration of NP and OP in the fish body. By predicting the concentration of NP and OP, the NP concentration in the environmental phases of the waters of Dianchi, by 2025, is respectively: water phase 1.72E-07. 3, the surface sediments are 411E-05 mol / M-3, the middle layer sediments are 339E-05 mol. M-3, and the fish body 5.52E-05 mol. M-3. The OP concentration is: the 526E-08 mol. The relative harm of NP and OP in the water phase is relatively small, and the pollution of NP and OP in the sediments and fish needs to be paid attention. Although there is no serious ecological risk of NP and OP in the waters of Dianchi, there are still some potential hazards to the organism, especially in the environmental phases of the NP. Dianchi waters, the concentration of NP and OP continues to rise, and the latency of NP and OP is latent and latent. And bioaccumulation can still cause potential risks to the food chain, so the pollution of NP and OP can not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X131

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