乐山市岷江流域跨界断面水质研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 02:39

本文选题：跨界断面 + 水质评价　；参考：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前在国内,当一个区域实现污染源达标排放后,仍有可能当地的河流水质不能达到水质功能区目标值,通过河流转移到下游区域,因此,需要实行排污总量控制。排污总量控制是基于河流纳污能力的计算结果,在此基础上,实施总量削减,并将削减量分配,使河流能够达标。跨地区的河流在下游区域完成总量削减计划,而上游未能完成时,造成下游控制断面水质不能达标,如何分清上游、下游各自责任,也是跨界断面水质研究的重要内容。岷江乐山流域包括岷江乐山段、青衣江和大渡河,三条河流贯穿乐山各行政区域,跨界断面的水质状况直接影响流域周围社会经济可持续发展。跨界断面水质预测为有关部门提供水质管理和控制,且越来越引起政府的重视,因此显得尤为重要。跨界断面既是上游的出境断面,也是下游的入境断面,乐山市岷江流域的下游是属于宜宾市,本论文将乐山市犍为县的出境断面,水银坝-龙溪口断面作为跨界断面进行研究。本论文主要通过文献资料和实地数据搜集,计算出河流最大允许纳污能力,得到河流的水环境容量；再通过分析找到一种水质评价的方法,并用该方法对影响乐山市岷江流域跨界断面水质的三条河流进行水质评价,得出青衣江和大渡河河流状况较好,保持在I、II类,岷江流域的污染较为严重,水质超标,达到IV、V类,该流域上游的水质影响乐山市的出境断面,即犍为县的水银坝-龙溪口断面；通过河流污染源调查与现状分析,将分析结果与水域纳污能力进行比较后,发现乐山市中区马鞍山-老江坝断面和犍为县水银坝-龙溪口断面水质已超出河流的纳污能力,表明跨界断面水质已经超标；根据资料预测2020年和2030年污染物入河量,其结果表明岷江流域的关帝庙-马鞍山断面、黄水坝-老坝子断面和水银坝-龙溪口断面均超出水域纳污能力。通过污染物入河量和河流纳污能力的比较,得到污染物削减量,根据削减量对流域2020年和2030年的水质进行情景预测。情景预测得到点源污染和面源污染同时进行排污减量才是控制河流水质的最佳方式,并根据最佳方式提出跨界断面水质控制措施,即点源和面源污染治理、排污口整治、以及建立跨界流域管理制度。本论文跨界断面水质研究是为了保证乐山市岷江流域跨界断面水银坝-龙溪口断面的出水水质达标,减轻下游水环境质量的压力,避免行政区域之间的矛盾。
[Abstract]:At present, when a region achieves the discharge standard of pollution sources, it is still possible that the water quality of the local rivers can not reach the target value of the water quality function area and transfer to the downstream area through the river. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the total discharge control. The total discharge control is based on the calculation results of the river's capacity to absorb pollution. On this basis, the total amount is reduced and the reduction is distributed, so that the river can reach the standard. Cross-regional rivers complete the total reduction plan in the downstream area, but when the upstream is not completed, the downstream control section water quality can not meet the standard, how to distinguish the upstream and downstream respective responsibilities is also an important content of the cross-section water quality research. The Leshan watershed of Minjiang River includes the Leshan section of Minjiang River, the Qingyi River and the Dadu River, and three rivers run through the administrative regions of Leshan. The water quality of the cross section directly affects the sustainable development of society and economy around the basin. The water quality prediction of cross-boundary section provides water quality management and control for relevant departments, and attracts more and more attention from the government, so it is particularly important. The cross section is not only the upstream exit section, but also the downstream entry section. The lower reaches of the Minjiang River basin in Leshan belong to Yibin City. In this paper, the exit section of Qianwei County in Leshan City and the Mercury Ban-Longxikou section are studied as the cross section. Through the collection of literature and field data, this paper calculates the maximum allowable capacity of the river to absorb pollution, and obtains the water environmental capacity of the river, and then finds out a method of water quality evaluation through analysis. This method is used to evaluate the water quality of three rivers affecting the water quality of cross section of Minjiang River basin in Leshan City. The results show that the rivers of Qingyi River and Dadu River are in good condition, and they are kept in Class II, and the pollution in Minjiang River Basin is more serious, the water quality exceeds the standard, and the water quality exceeds the standard. The upstream water quality of this basin affects the exit section of Leshan, that is, the Shuiyinba-Longxikou section of Qianwei County, through the investigation and analysis of the pollution sources of the rivers, the results of the analysis are compared with the capacity of the waters to absorb pollution. It is found that the water quality of the Maanshan-Laojiang Dam section and the Shuiyinba-Longxikou section of Qianwei County has exceeded the capacity of the river to absorb pollution, indicating that the water quality of the cross section has exceeded the standard, and the amount of pollutants entering the river in 2020 and 2030 is predicted according to the data. The results show that the Guandimiao-Ma 'anshan section, the Huangda-Laobaizi section and the mercury bar-longxikou section in the Minjiang River basin exceed the capacity of the water area to absorb pollution. By comparing the amount of pollutants into the river and the capacity of the river to absorb pollution, the reduction of pollutants is obtained, and the scenarios of water quality in 2020 and 2030 are forecasted according to the reduction. The best way to control the water quality of the river is to get the point source pollution and the non-point source pollution reducing simultaneously. According to the best way, the paper puts forward the water quality control measures of the transboundary cross section, that is, the point source and the non-point source pollution control, the sewage outlet treatment. And the establishment of cross-boundary watershed management system. The purpose of this paper is to ensure that the effluent water quality of the cross section of Mercury-Longxikou section of Minjiang River basin in Leshan City is up to standard, to reduce the pressure of the downstream water environment quality and to avoid the contradiction between administrative regions.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

【参考文献】