植物微生物处理南沙河污水及小型湿地试验

发布时间：2018-06-27 06:42

本文选题：南沙河 + 污染物　；参考：《山西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：南沙河是汾河的一条小支流。地处太原市的繁华地段,途经建设南路、并州南路、滨河路等9条交通干道,从东到西流入汾河。由于南沙河位于城市中央的繁华地段所以其污染现象显得尤为突出。其中的污染成分大部分来自于城市居民生活所排放的生活污水。太原市环保部门开始制定并实施了许多针对性工作进行环境治理和环境保护,以便改善目前南沙河的环境污染状况。本课题就是源自环保局专门设立的环境科学技术研究项目,研究设计南沙河的污水处理方法。本课题主要研究了以下几个方面：(1)研究了南沙河的污染现状。测定南沙河中各污染成分,总氮(TN)测定采用碱性过硫酸钾硝解紫外分光光度法；总磷(TP)测定采用钼酸铵分光光度法；化学需氧量(COD)测定采用重铬酸钾法；氨氮(NH3-N)测定采用纳氏试剂分光光度法。同时研究河水中微生物细菌的数量,采用平板菌落计数对细菌进行统计。通过细菌数量评价水体的自净能力。结果显示：南沙河中TN含量为21.3322mg/L；TP含量为6.1298mg/L;COD含量为210.1mg/L;NH3-N含量为13.2129mg/L,这些污染成分都严重超过地表水质标准。水体中的细菌数量为90.2×103cfu/L这些微生物是南沙河对污染物原位自我修复的基础。(2)在实验室分别使用植物单独、微生物单独与植物微生物协同的方法处理取自南沙河的污水。三组分别取2000 mL污水灭菌后,向其中放入适量生长状况良好的美人蕉小苗、从河水中分离得到的微生物、美人蕉小苗和分离得到的微生物。之后每四天取一次污水样品,测定TN、TP、COD、NH3-N浓度。比较上述三种处理方法对污水中各污染成分的处理效果,作为后续的小型湿地实验的理论依据。实验首先比较在各个处理时间三种不同处理方法之间的效果差异,进行多重比较,选出较好的处理方法。结果显示：三种处理方法处理污水中TN、TP、COD、NH3-N时,植物微生物协同处理污水的效果比植物单独和微生物单独处理都更为明显,且差异显著(P0.05)。然后使用植物微生物协同处理方法分别处理污水4、8、12、16d,测定处理结果进行多重比较。结果显示：除TP处理效果在12d与16d之间没有差异外,其余均呈现极显著差异(P0.01),且随处理时间增加呈现递减趋势。植物微生物协同处理组处理污水16 d,使污水中TN浓度从21.5607 mg/L降低到5.2704 mg/L,TP浓度从6.1695 mg/L降低到0.8279 mg/L,COD浓度从215.3 mg/L降低到52.8 mg/L,NH3-N浓度从11.6949 mg/L降低到1.8541 mg/L。说明植物微生物协同处理组各个样品的TN、TP、COD、NH3-N浓度随处理时间增加不断降低。(3)在南沙河沿岸进行湿地种植实验,通过种植美人蕉与红蓼,然后用河水进行连续浇灌,每十五天测定湿地的除污效果。对结果进行方差分析与多重比较。结果显示：南沙河湿地能显著地减少河水中TN、TP、COD、NH3-N浓度。随着植物种植时间的延长,处理效果逐渐增强。种植植物45天后,对各污染物的处理效果趋于稳定。待植物生长稳定后,生态湿地可将污水中的TN、TP、COD、NH3-N浓度分从别19.9835mg/L、5.9228mg/L、194.7mg/L、12.8568mg/L降低为5.6089mg/L、 1.5164mg/L、72.7mg/L、1.7386mg/L;处理效率分别为71.93%、74.40%、62.66%、86.48%。这表明实验湿地对南沙河污水中的TN、TP、COD、NH3-N都有很好的除去效果。在小型湿地的基础上,分析南沙河总体湿地建成后对城市环境的作用。
[Abstract]:South Shahe is a small tributary of the Fenhe River. It is located in the bustling area of Taiyuan. Through the construction of South Road, South Road and riverside road, 9 main traffic roads, from the east to the west, are flowing into the Fenhe River. As the southern Shahe is located in the downtown area of the city, the pollution phenomenon is particularly prominent. Most of the pollution components in the city are from the urban residents' life. The environmental protection department of Taiyuan municipal environmental protection department began to formulate and implement a lot of targeted work for environmental treatment and environmental protection in order to improve the current environmental pollution in southern Shahe. This subject is derived from the environmental science and technology research project, specially established by the Environmental Protection Bureau, to study and design the sewage treatment method in southern Shahe. The main research aspects are as follows: (1) the pollution status of southern Shahe was studied. The pollution components in the Nansha River were measured. The total nitrogen (TN) was determined by alkaline potassium persulfate nitrate solution ultraviolet spectrophotometry; the determination of total phosphorus (TP) by ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry; the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by potassium dichromate method; Determination of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) The number of microbe bacteria in the river water was studied by the number of microbe bacteria in the river, and the bacteria were counted by the plate colony count. The self purification capacity of the water body was evaluated by the number of bacteria. The results showed that the content of TN in the Nansha river was 21.3322mg/L; the content of TP was 6.1298mg/L; the content of COD was 210.1mg/L; and the content of NH3-N was 13.2129mg/L, Some of the pollution components are more than the surface water quality standards. The number of bacteria in the water body is 90.2 * 103cfu/L. These microbes are the basis for the self repairing of the pollutants in the South Shahe. (2) the methods of using plants separately in the laboratory and the microorganism alone with the plant microorganism are taken from the sewage of southern Shahe. The three groups are 2000 mL respectively. After the sewage was sterilized, a proper amount of Canna Canna seedlings, isolated from the water, were isolated from the river water, the Canna microbes and the isolated microorganisms were obtained. Then a sewage sample was taken every four days to determine the concentration of TN, TP, COD and NH3-N. The treatment effect of the three kinds of methods on the polluted components in the sewage was compared. The following theoretical basis for the small scale wetland experiment. The experiment first compares the difference between the three different treatment methods in each treatment time, and makes a multiple comparison and selects a better treatment method. The results show that the effect of the three treatments on TN, TP, COD, and NH3-N in sewage is more effective than the plant alone. And the microorganism treatment was more obvious, and the difference was significant (P0.05). Then the wastewater 4,8,12,16d was treated with plant microorganism synergistic treatment, and the results of the treatment were compared. The results showed that the effect of TP treatment was very significant (P0.01) except for the difference between 12D and 16d (P0.01), and increased with the treatment time. The plant microbial synergistic treatment group treated 16 D of sewage, which reduced the concentration of TN from 21.5607 mg/L to 5.2704 mg/L, TP concentration decreased from 6.1695 mg/L to 0.8279 mg/L, COD concentration decreased from 215.3 mg/L to 52.8 mg/L, NH3-N concentration decreased from 11.6949 mg/L to 1.8541. The concentration of TN, TP, COD, NH3-N in the samples decreased continuously with the treatment time. (3) the wetland planting experiment on the southern Shahe coast was carried out by planting Canna Canna and Polygonum Polygonum, and then continuous irrigation with river water. The results were measured every fifteen days. The results were analyzed by variance analysis and multiple comparison. The results showed that the southern Shahe wetland was significant Reduce the concentration of TN, TP, COD, NH3-N in river water. With the extension of plant planting time, the treatment effect is gradually increased. After 45 days of plant plant, the treatment effect of various pollutants tends to be stable. After the plant grows stable, the ecological wetland can reduce the concentration of TN, TP, COD, NH3-N in the sewage from the other 19.9835mg/L, 5.9228mg/L, 194.7mg/L, 12.8568mg/L reduce. For 5.6089mg/L, 1.5164mg/L, 72.7mg/L, 1.7386mg/L, the treatment efficiency was 71.93%, 74.40%, 62.66%, 86.48%., which showed that the experimental wetland had good removal effect on TN, TP, COD, NH3-N in southern Shahe sewage. On the basis of small wetland, the effect of the overall wetland of southern Shahe on the urban environment was analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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