EGSB厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮及微生物群落结构演替研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 17:06

本文选题：厌氧氨氧化 + 膨胀颗粒污泥床　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)工艺目前被公认为是最有前景的脱氮技术之其特殊的反应机理和高效的脱氮效果不仅节约经济开销,而且节省人力资源。课题选取膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)作为ANAMMOX工艺启动研究的反应器。检测了反应器启动过程中的氮去除率,分析了ANAMMOX污泥中微生物群落在启动中的结构变化。并对影响该工艺脱氮效率的关键因子进行了解析。本实验为ANAMMOX在实际工程中的启动提供了微观上的科学依据,为解决ANAMMOX工艺在启动方面的缺陷提供了一些参考,也为ANAMMOX在实际工程中广泛应用提供了理论依据。实验采用混合污泥对ANAMMOX菌群进行富集。混合接种污泥来自于哈尔滨湿地采集的厌氧污泥和哈尔滨文昌污水厂反硝化污泥,两种污泥顺次混合比为1：2。在本实验中,除了采用常规水质检验方法来评价EGSB反应器的运行效果外,还采用了Illumina HiSeq测序的高通量测序手段来详细分析启动不同时期及启动成功后不同条件调控下的ANAMMOX污泥内微生物结构群落变化。实验验证,EGSB反应器在启动ANAMMOX工艺方面具有优势性。利用EGSB富集培养出的污泥,其ANAMMOX活性提高了约7倍。高通量测序结果显示,富集的污泥中存在着具有ANAMMOX菌。在ANAMMOX工艺启动过程中,Proteobacteria一直是优势菌群,Actinobacteria (1.93%-18.69%)、 Gemmatimonadetes(0.33%-1.83)和Planctomycetes(0.18%-1.61%)(ANAMMOX菌所属菌门)三种菌门均得到了一定程度的富集。其中Proteobacteria包含了多种氨氧化菌、反硝化菌等具有脱氮功能的菌群。反应器启动过程中被富集的脱氮功能菌主要有Thermomonas,Dechloromonas,Thauera等反硝化菌、Nitro-somonas,Nitrosococcus等AOB菌。同时多数异养菌和好氧菌被淘汰出反应体系。为了进一步提高ANAMMOX反应器的处理效果,我们探究了不同HRT对ANAMMOX工艺处理效果的影响。结果表明在进水浓度较低(50mg/L)的时候,HRT对ANAMMOX工艺的处理效果并无明显影响；在进水浓度提升至100mg/L时,反应器在HRT为8h时,具有最优的脱氮效果；在进水浓度较高时(200mg/L),HRT对反应器脱氮效果的影响和之前的实验呈现类似的规律,在HRT为8h时达到了最好的氮素去除效果。结果表明,8h为本反应器最适水力停留时间；研究发现,微量的DO可以帮助ANAMMOX反应器提高脱氮效率：在ANAMMOX体系中投加适量的L-半胱氨酸有助于ANAMMOX工艺的运行。L-半胱氨酸的投加会加速氨氮和亚硝酸氮的去除,同时对氨氮的去除率有小幅提升,但是对亚硝酸氮的去除率影响不大。
[Abstract]:Anammox (Anammox) process has been recognized as the most promising denitrification technology. Its special reaction mechanism and efficient denitrification effect not only save economic costs but also save human resources. The expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) was selected as the reactor to start the Anammox process. The nitrogen removal rate during the start-up of the reactor was measured and the structural changes of microbial community in Anammox sludge during start-up were analyzed. The key factors affecting the denitrification efficiency were analyzed. This experiment provides microcosmic scientific basis for the start up of AnamMOX in practical engineering, provides some references for solving the defects of Anammox process in start-up, and provides the theoretical basis for the extensive application of Anammox in practical engineering. The mixed sludge was used to enrich Anammox flora. The mixed inoculation sludge came from anaerobic sludge collected from Harbin wetland and denitrifying sludge from Harbin Wenchang Wastewater treatment Plant. The sequential mixing ratio of the two sludge was 1: 2. In this experiment, in addition to the conventional water quality test method to evaluate the performance of EGSB reactor, The high-throughput sequencing method of Illumina HiSeq sequencing was also used to analyze in detail the changes of microbial community in Anammox sludge at different start-up stages and under different conditions after successful start-up. The experimental results show that the EGSB reactor has superiority in starting Anammox process. The anammox activity of the sludge enriched with EGSB was increased by about 7 times. High throughput sequencing results showed that Anammox was present in the enriched sludge. During the process of initiation of Anammox process, Proteobacteria were the dominant microflora Actinobacteria (1.93-18.69%), Gemmatimonadetes (0.33-1.83) and Planctomycetes (0.18- 1.61%), all of which were enriched to some extent. Proteobacteria contains a variety of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and other bacteria with nitrogen removal function. During the start-up of the reactor, the main denitrifying bacteria were the denitrifying bacteria such as Nitro-somonas Nitrosococcus and other denitrifying bacteria such as Thermomonas Dechloromonas Thauera. At the same time, most heterotrophic bacteria and aerobic bacteria were eliminated out of the reaction system. In order to further improve the treatment efficiency of Anammox reactor, we studied the effect of different HRT on the treatment efficiency of Anammox process. The results showed that when the influent concentration was low (50 mg / L), HRT had no obvious effect on the treatment effect of Anammox process, and when the influent concentration was increased to 100 mg / L, the reactor had the best denitrification effect when HRT was 8 h. At high influent concentration (200mg / L), the effect of HRT on the denitrification efficiency of the reactor was similar to that of previous experiments, and the best nitrogen removal effect was achieved when HRT was 8 h. The results showed that 8 h was the best HRT in the reactor. Trace amount of do can help to improve nitrogen removal efficiency in Anammox reactor: adding appropriate amount of L- cysteine in Anammox system helps to speed up the removal of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen by adding. L- cysteine in Anammox process. At the same time, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen increased slightly, but the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen was not affected.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703;X172

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