哈尔滨市大气环境容量测算研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 03:16

本文选题：大气容量 + 理想环境容量　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：长期以来哈尔滨市经济增长主要依赖能源的消耗,能源消费结构以煤炭为主,煤炭消耗具有经济增长和污染物的排放的双重属性。如何可以在经济发展的同时又不会对环境质量产生太大的影响,这需要确定该区域大气环境中所能容纳的污染物的最大负荷,大气环境容量的测算应运而生。本文依据哈尔滨市环境质量特征将容量测算分为采暖期及非采暖期,分析采暖期及非采暖期哈尔滨市大气污染特征、污染源布局对哈尔滨市大气环境质量的影响、并依据不同污染源对环境质量影响的程度采用科学的方法对各个污染源的排放量进行削减,将削减后的排放量整合后得到哈尔滨市的大气环境容量。基于修正A值法对哈尔滨市理想环境容量进行测算,基于多源模型法及平权法对哈尔滨市实际环境容量进行测算,基于优化方法对哈尔滨市规划环境容量进行测算。理想环境容量的测算用来确定哈尔滨市大气环境最大自净能力。理想环境容量不考虑污染源布局,利用箱式模型,分别得出平流输送、干沉积、湿沉积以及化学转化对污染物产生的清除量,可以对较大区域内环境容量进行测算,因此理想环境容量的数值可以作为区域内污染物控制的边界条件,其中SO2理想容量为排放量的3.65倍、NO2为2.27倍、PM10为2.33倍。实际环境容量的测算中以哈尔滨市现有的污染源排放布局为基础,以控制点处的污染物浓度不超过浓度控制目标为约束进行计算。实际环境容量的大小取决于污染源的布局,在污染源布局确定的基础上确定污染源最大允许排放的污染物量。本课题研究在哈尔滨市现有污染源布局条件下,污染源所能排放的污染物总量,结合现有污染物排放量对其进行削减,其中SO2、NO2全市范围不需削减,市辖区范围需削减1.19万吨/年、3081.22吨/年,PM10全市范围需削减0.97万吨/年。在分析哈尔滨市污染物排放现状及环境质量现状后,对污染源布局、排放进行调整,在规划污染源布局下得出的满足大气环境质量要求的哈尔滨市大气污染物的最大允许排放量。规划环境容量也是在污染源布局确定的基础上所得出的污染源最大允许排放的污染物量。本课题依据分析得出的哈尔滨市环境质量及污染现状,调整污染源布局,并通过计算获得调整布局后的各污染源所产生的污染物允许排放总量,并与实际环境容量进行对比,在进行调整后,容量可增加2.7%-15.9%。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the economic growth of Harbin mainly depends on the consumption of energy. The structure of energy consumption is mainly coal. Coal consumption has the dual attributes of economic growth and pollutant emission. It is necessary to determine the maximum load of pollutants that can be contained in the atmospheric environment in this region, and the calculation of atmospheric environmental capacity emerges as the times require. According to the environmental quality characteristics of Harbin, the capacity measurement is divided into heating period and non-heating period. The characteristics of air pollution in Harbin during heating period and non-heating period, and the influence of pollution source layout on the quality of atmospheric environment in Harbin are analyzed in this paper. According to the influence of different pollution sources on the environmental quality, the emission of each pollution source is reduced by scientific method, and the atmospheric environmental capacity of Harbin is obtained by integrating the reduced emissions. Based on the modified A value method, the ideal environmental capacity of Harbin is calculated, the actual environmental capacity of Harbin is calculated based on multi-source model method and equal weight method, and the planning environmental capacity of Harbin is calculated based on optimization method. The calculation of ideal environmental capacity is used to determine the maximum self-purification capacity of atmospheric environment in Harbin. The ideal environmental capacity does not consider the layout of pollution sources. By using the box model, the removal amount of pollutants produced by advection transport, dry deposition, wet deposition and chemical transformation can be obtained, which can be used to calculate the environmental capacity in a large area. So the value of ideal environmental capacity can be used as the boundary condition of pollutant control in the region, and the ideal capacity of SO2 is 3.65 times of the emission of no _ 2 and 2.27 times of PM10 is 2.33 times. The actual environmental capacity is calculated on the basis of the existing emission distribution of pollution sources in Harbin, and the concentration of pollutants at the control point is not more than the concentration control target. The size of the actual environmental capacity depends on the layout of the pollution source, and the maximum allowable pollutant quantity of the source is determined on the basis of the determination of the pollution source layout. Under the condition of the present pollution source layout in Harbin, the total amount of pollutants that can be discharged from the pollution source is reduced by combining with the existing pollutant discharge, and there is no need to reduce the amount of so _ 2 no _ 2 in the whole city. The municipal area should be reduced by 11900 tons per year or 3081.22 tons per year. The whole city area of PM10 should be reduced by 9700 tons per year. After analyzing the present situation of pollutant discharge and environmental quality in Harbin, the distribution and discharge of pollution sources are adjusted. The maximum allowable emissions of atmospheric pollutants in Harbin which meet the requirements of atmospheric environmental quality are obtained under the layout of planned pollution sources. The planning of environmental capacity is also the maximum allowable pollutant discharge from the pollution source based on the determination of the pollution source layout. Based on the analysis of the environmental quality and pollution status quo of Harbin, this subject adjusts the layout of pollution sources, and calculates the total amount of pollutants allowed to be discharged from the adjusted sources, and compares it with the actual environmental capacity. After adjustment, the volume can be increased by 2.7- 15.9.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51;X26

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