小城镇环境规划研究及分析

发布时间：2018-07-09 19:54

本文选题：小城镇 + 污染物预测　；参考：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在城镇化持续快速发展过程中，一系列与环境相关的问题日渐凸显：城镇人口急速增长，公共基础设施不完善，乡镇企业发展过程中排放大量废气、废水和废渣，环境质量急剧下降，无规划无序建设使得生态环境遭到破坏。因此，为切实解决城镇环境突出问题，保持社会经济发展与人口、资源、环境协调，实现城镇良性发展，在统筹考虑城镇总体规划和社会经济发展的基础上，进行科学环境保护规划是十分必要的。杏花村镇是闻名遐迩的中国品牌名白酒--汾酒生产基地，在汾阳市社会和经济发展中占有举足轻重的地位，以其为研究对象，在镇区自然环境和社会经济特征分析基础上，对环境敏感区进行梳理，辨识主要环境问题，运用相关模型对各类主要环境污染物的排放量进行近远期科学预测，，以环境容量为约束条件，结合区域空间布局态势分析，进行环境规划。论文的研究成果主要体现在如下几个方面：（1）对镇区进行大气环境质量监测，布设5个大气监测点，选取TSP、PM10、SO2、NO2为评价因子，运用单因子法评价分析，结果表明TSP、PM10、SO2最大超标倍数分别为0.90、1.21和1.38，杏花村工业和民用锅炉燃料主要依赖煤炭，基本无脱硫除尘设施，清洁能源的利用率低，不能有效控制污染物排放，是造成SO2为研究区域主要大气污染物的重要原因。为反映镇区水环境质量，设置6个监测断面，选取COD、BOD、NH3-N、硫化物、PH为评价因子，监测结果表明主要超标污染物为COD、BOD、NH3-N，运用单因子法评价分析，其中NH3-N在两个有水监测断面超标倍数数值最大，分别为2.1，1.335，COD超标倍数数值最小，分别为0.71，0.3335，通过对镇区工业布局及污染源特征分析，酿酒企业是水环境污染物排放的重点行业，污水处理设施不完善，镇区生活污水大部分未经任何处理就地排放是造成水环境污染的主要因素。对地下水和噪声环境质量监测，环境质量较好。利用遥感影像资料，借用DEM、Arcgis等技术对镇区土地利用、植被覆盖、土壤侵蚀和环境敏感性进行解译分析。（2）选用灰色模型GM(1，1)，应用MATLAB对镇区主要大气污染物进行预测。参照不同标准，采用系数法对镇区年生活污水、工业废水和生活污水中污染物的排放量进行预测。分析历年工业废水污染物排放数据，采用一元线性回归模型对其进行预测。（3）应用基于箱式的A值法对镇区大气环境容量计算，以环境容量为控制目标，选取杏花村酒工业园区为重点控制区，制定SO2消减方案，2015、2030年消减量分别为1368.66t，1751.76t。进行水功能区划分，源头—文峪河水库执行Ⅲ功能区，Ⅲ类水质标准，文峪河水库—汾河入口执行Ⅳ功能区，Ⅳ类水质标准，对水环境容量进行计算，给出COD、BOD、NH3-N近远期消减量。对大气、水环境污染物控制措施进行探讨。科学进行生态功能区划分，共分为3个一级区、6个二级区，在功能区划分的基础上提出生态核心区与外围生态系统相连接，提出“三区、三带、两屏、一链”的多层次生态绿化结构。
[Abstract]:In the process of continuous rapid development of urbanization, a series of environmental related problems have become increasingly prominent: the rapid growth of urban population, the imperfect public infrastructure, the emission of large quantities of waste gas, waste water and waste residue in the development of township enterprises, the rapid decline of the environmental quality, and the destruction of the ecological environment without planning and disorderly construction. In order to solve the problem of urban environment and maintain social and economic development with population, resources and environment, it is necessary to carry out the planning of scientific environmental protection on the basis of overall planning of cities and towns and the development of social and economic development.
Xinghua village is a famous Chinese brand famous liquor, Fen Liquor production base, which occupies a pivotal position in the social and economic development of Fenyang. Based on the analysis of the natural environment and social and economic characteristics of the town, it combs the environment sensitive area, identifies the main environmental problems, and uses the related models to all kinds of problems. The emission of the main environmental pollutants is predicted scientifically in the near and long term. The environmental planning is based on the environmental capacity as a constraint condition and the regional spatial layout situation analysis. The research results of the paper are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) to monitor the quality of the air environment in the town, set up 5 atmospheric monitoring points, select TSP, PM10, SO2, NO2 as evaluation factors, and use the single factor method to evaluate and analyze. The results show that TSP, PM10, SO2 maximum exceeding standard number is 0.90,1.21 and 1.38, Xinghuacun industrial and civil boiler fuels are mainly dependent on coal, basically no desulfurization facilities, clean energy. The utilization rate of the source is low and the pollutant emission can not be controlled effectively. It is an important reason for SO2 to be the main atmospheric pollutant in the study area. In order to reflect the water environment quality of the town, 6 monitoring sections are set up, and COD, BOD, NH3-N, sulfide and PH are selected as evaluation factors. The monitoring results show that the main excess pollutants are COD, BOD, NH3-N, and the single factor method is used to evaluate the pollutants. In the analysis, the maximum number of NH3-N in two water monitoring sections is the largest, respectively 2.1,1.335, COD exceeding the standard number is the smallest, respectively 0.71,0.3335. Through the analysis of the industrial layout and pollution source characteristics of the town, the wine making enterprise is the key industry of the water environmental pollutant discharge, the sewage treatment facilities are not perfect, and the sewage in the town is large. The untreated local discharge is the main factor causing water environmental pollution. The quality of groundwater and noise environment is monitored and the environmental quality is good. Using remote sensing image data, DEM, Arcgis and other techniques are used to interpret the land use, vegetation cover, soil erosion and environmental sensitivity in the town.
(2) the grey model GM (1,1) is used to predict the main atmospheric pollutants in the town. According to the different standards, the emission of the pollutants in the municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater and domestic sewage is predicted by the coefficient method. The data of pollutant discharge from industrial wastewater in the past years are analyzed and the one element linear regression model is used to predict the pollutant discharge. Test.
(3) using the box type A value method to calculate the atmospheric environmental capacity of the town, taking the environmental capacity as the control target, selecting the Xinghuacun wine industry park as the key control area, formulating the SO2 reduction scheme, the 20152030 year subtraction of 1368.66t, the division of the water function area by 1751.76t., the third function area of Wenyuhe reservoir, and the type III water quality standard. Quasi, Wenyuhe reservoir - Fenhe entrance to carry out the IV functional area, IV water quality standards, water environmental capacity calculation, COD, BOD, NH3-N near and forward mitigation measures. The atmosphere, water environmental pollution control measures are discussed. Scientific ecological functional area division, divided into 3 first grade, 6 two levels, on the basis of functional area division The ecological core area is connected with the peripheral ecosystem, and the multi level ecological greening structure of "three zones, three belts, two screens and one chain" is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321

【参考文献】