生活垃圾处理方案优选及实例分析

发布时间：2018-07-12 09:36

本文选题：城市生活垃圾 + 处置方式　；参考：《中国科学院大学（工程管理与信息技术学院）》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着城市的发展,城市生活垃圾的排放量与日俱增。大量生活垃圾的产生影响到我们的生活环境,污染空气,侵占土地,污染水体。结合国内城市生活垃圾处理利用现状,现有三种主要垃圾处理技术分别为填埋、堆肥和焚烧,但是这三种处理技术都存在各自局限和不足,亟需一种“资源化、减量化、无害化”更好的技术。近年来,水泥窑协同处理固体废弃物技术得到长足发展,并表现出诸多优势,利用水泥窑协同处置城市生活垃圾已成为一种可能。本文主要工作如下： (1)通过对北京市生活垃圾现状的调研及处置方式的分析,揭示了在数量上生活垃圾以每年3-5%比例逐年增加,而在生活垃圾处理结构上也存在不合理性,分类机制不健全,现有垃圾处置设施超负荷运转情况严重等问题。 (2)结合北京市城市生活垃圾的产生、来源和组成,本文对填埋、堆肥、焚烧和水泥窑协同处置四种垃圾处理技术进行了层次分析。拟定经济因素、环境因素、社会因素和技术因素为主准则层,工程投资、运行成本、二恶英问题、飞灰处置、渗滤液处理等20项因素作为次准则层,垃圾焚烧、垃圾堆肥、垃圾卫生填埋和水泥窑协同处置四个因素构成方案层。通过运用层次分析计算,本文得出了水泥窑处置垃圾优于其他三种技术,是最好的技术方案。 (3)结合以上分析,本文以北京怀柔区垃圾项目综合处置项目为工程案例,通过技术经济分析手段,进一步论证了水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术的优越性及可行性。该项技术投资小,真正实现垃圾处理的“无害化、资源化、零排放”的多元化目标。在层次分析优选出水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾为优选方案基础上,针对北京市怀柔区的生活垃圾处置项目,提出了利用北京兴发水泥厂进行处置的技术方案,并向政府相关部门提交了可供分析决策的可行性研究报告。作者以完成的北京市怀柔区500t/d垃圾综合处置项目为工程案例,通过技术经济分析手段,进一步论证了水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术的优越性及可行性。该项技术投资小,建设时间短,有效减少环境污染,真正实现垃圾处理的“减量化、无害化、资源化”的多元化目标。目前我国大中城市已经被垃圾所包围,全面加强环境保护,已成为全民共识。针对中国城市普遍存在的生活垃圾问题,因水泥窑协同处置技术的发展,使得处置生活垃圾的问题多了一种更优的处置和利用方式。我们相信水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术会得到进一步发展,我们的环境会越来越好。
[Abstract]:With the development of the city, the emission of municipal solid waste is increasing day by day. A large amount of domestic waste affects our living environment, pollutes the air, encroaches on the land and pollutes the water body. According to the present situation of domestic municipal solid waste disposal and utilization, there are three main waste treatment technologies: landfill, compost and incineration respectively. However, these three treatment technologies have their own limitations and shortcomings. Innocuous "better technology". In recent years, the technology of cement kiln cooperative treatment of solid waste has made great progress, and has shown many advantages. It has become possible to use cement kiln to treat municipal solid waste. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) based on the investigation and analysis of the current situation of municipal solid waste in Beijing, it is revealed that the quantity of domestic waste increases by 3-5% annually. However, there are also some problems in the structure of municipal solid waste disposal, such as unreasonable structure, imperfect classification mechanism, serious overload operation of existing waste disposal facilities, etc. (2) combined with the generation, source and composition of municipal solid waste in Beijing, In this paper, four kinds of waste disposal technologies, such as landfill, compost, incineration and cement kiln, are analyzed. Draw up 20 factors such as economic factors, environmental factors, social factors and technical factors, project investment, operation cost, dioxin problem, fly ash disposal, leachate treatment and so on as sub-standard layer, waste incineration, refuse composting, The four factors of sanitary landfill and co-disposal of cement kiln constitute the plan layer. By using the analytic hierarchy process, this paper concludes that cement kiln is superior to the other three technologies and is the best technical scheme. (3) combined with the above analysis, this paper takes the comprehensive disposal project of the waste project in Huairou District in Beijing as an engineering case. By means of technical and economic analysis, the superiority and feasibility of cement kiln cooperative disposal of domestic waste are further demonstrated. This technology investment is small, realize the multiplex goal of "harmless, resource, zero emission" of waste disposal. Based on the optimal disposal scheme of municipal solid waste from cement kiln selected by AHP, and aiming at the domestic waste disposal project in Huairou District of Beijing, this paper puts forward a technical scheme of using Beijing Xingfa cement Plant to dispose the municipal solid waste. And submitted to the relevant government departments for analysis of the feasibility of decision-making report. Taking the comprehensive disposal project of 500t/d waste in Huairou District of Beijing as an engineering case, the author further demonstrates the superiority and feasibility of the technology of cement kiln cooperative disposal of domestic waste by means of technical and economic analysis. This technology has the advantages of small investment, short construction time, effective reduction of environmental pollution, and the realization of the pluralistic goal of "reduction, innocuity and resource utilization" of waste disposal. At present, large and medium-sized cities in China have been surrounded by garbage, strengthening environmental protection in an all-round way, has become the consensus of the whole people. Due to the development of cement kiln cooperative disposal technology, there is a better way of disposal and utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW). We believe that cement kiln co-disposal of domestic waste technology will be further developed, our environment will be better and better.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院大学（工程管理与信息技术学院）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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