排放标准修订对污水处理厂运营决策的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 17:56

【摘要】：近年来,为了应对日益严重的水污染问题,中国政府和环保部门对水污染物排放标准进行了频繁、大幅度地修订。不断修订的排放标准使得污水处理厂的排污超标率和排污惩罚成本上升,运营压力增大。鉴于对污水处理技术进行“提标升级改造”的成本投入大、投产时间长,加之未来环保政策的不确定性,污水处理厂更愿意基于现有污水处理技术调整处理工况、优化运营决策,从而应对排放标准的修订。本研究结合以上背景,建立基于污水处理仿真模型的多目标决策模型,研究排放标准的修订对污水处理厂运营决策的影响。本研究既是为了帮助污水处理厂以更低的成本或更少的环境损害来应对排放标准的修订,也希望通过对比不同排放标准下运营决策的优化结果,来分析在现有排污收费制度下修订排放标准对污水处理厂运营产生的影响。对不同处理工况下污水处理厂运营情况的仿真与模拟是优化运营决策的基础。本研究结合决策背景和模型求解特点,以污水处理“2代基准仿真模型”(BSM2模型)为基础,对进水数据、关键工艺参数进行修改,建立污水处理厂全过程仿真模型。污水处理决策是一个多目标决策问题,本研究以排污收费制度和真实排放标准为依据,建立污水处理厂排污超标率和经济总成本计算公式;再对污水处理过程进行生命周期评价,将环境总损害纳入决策模型。通过同时最小化排污超标率和经济总成本,得到任意超标率下经济成本最低的运营决策,并讨论相应的环境总损害;通过同时最小化排污超标率和环境总损害,研究和讨论排放标准修订对污水处理环境保护效力的影响。本研究以山东小清河流域自2007年以来施行的四套水污染物排放标准为算例背景,对多目标决策模型的结果进行讨论和分析,得到以下主要结论:(1).通过求解多目标决策模型,既能够在初始工况的基础上大幅度降低经济总成本或环境总损害,也能够为决策者提供丰富的运营决策信息,帮助其以最低的经济总成本或最少的环境总损害应对排放标准的修订;(2).在现行排污收费制度下,修订排放标准会降低污水处理厂控制超标率的意愿,并增加污水处理过程产生的环境总损害;修订标准还会改变“控制超标率”与“减少环境损害”之间的协同关系,与保护环境的初衷相违背。
[Abstract]:In recent years, in order to cope with the increasingly serious water pollution problem, the Chinese government and environmental protection departments have revised the discharge standards of water pollutants frequently and substantially. The continuous revision of the discharge standard increases the rate of discharge exceeding the standard and the penalty cost of sewage treatment plant, and increases the operating pressure. In view of the large cost of upgrading and upgrading the wastewater treatment technology, the long production time, and the uncertainty of future environmental protection policies, sewage treatment plants are more willing to adjust the treatment conditions based on the existing sewage treatment technology. Optimize operational decisions to respond to the revision of emission standards. Based on the above background, a multi-objective decision-making model based on sewage treatment simulation model is established to study the influence of the revision of discharge standard on the operation decision of sewage treatment plant. The purpose of this study is to help wastewater treatment plants to cope with the revision of discharge standards at lower cost or less environmental damage, and to compare the optimal results of operational decisions under different discharge standards. To analyze the impact of the revised discharge standards on the operation of sewage treatment plants under the existing sewage charging system. The simulation and simulation of the operation of sewage treatment plant under different treatment conditions is the basis of optimal operation decision. Based on the background of decision-making and the characteristics of model solving, based on the "BSM2 model" for wastewater treatment, the paper modifies the influent data and key process parameters, and establishes the whole process simulation model of sewage treatment plant. The decision making of sewage treatment is a multi-objective decision making problem. Based on the sewage charging system and the real discharge standard, the calculation formula of the sewage excess rate and the total economic cost of the sewage treatment plant is established in this paper. Then the life cycle of sewage treatment process is evaluated, and the total environmental damage is incorporated into the decision-making model. By simultaneously minimizing the excess rate of sewage discharge and the total economic cost, the operation decision with the lowest economic cost under arbitrary exceeding standard rate is obtained, and the corresponding total environmental damage is discussed, and the total environmental damage is also minimized by minimizing the excess rate of sewage discharge and the total environmental damage at the same time. To study and discuss the effect of the revision of discharge standards on the environmental protection effectiveness of sewage treatment. Based on four sets of water pollutant discharge standards implemented since 2007 in Xiaoqing River Basin of Shandong Province, the results of the multi-objective decision model are discussed and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) By solving the multi-objective decision model, not only the total economic cost or environmental damage can be greatly reduced on the basis of the initial operating conditions, but also the decision makers can be provided with rich operational decision information. To assist them in responding to the revision of emission standards at the lowest total economic cost or the minimum total environmental damage; (2) Under the existing sewage charging system, the revision of the discharge standards will reduce the willingness of the sewage treatment plant to control the over-standard rate and increase the total environmental damage caused by the sewage treatment process; The revised standards will also change the synergy between "controlling the rate of exceeding standards" and "reducing environmental damage", which is contrary to the original intention of protecting the environment.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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