1961-2011年中国农田磷收支及磷使用效率研究
发布时间：2018-07-23 21:09
【摘要】：增加粮食产量、提高磷肥使用效率以及减少环境面源污染一直是中国各界关注的焦点。本文基于物质流分析的方法,通过构建动态模型,科学评估了1961-2011年中国农田系统磷收支;探讨了中国农田磷投入与农作物产量、磷使用效率之间的关系;对比分析了不同时期不同农作物农田磷收支变化情况。研究表明,1961-2011年,中国农田磷投入量增加了7.93倍,磷输出量增加了2.89倍,磷循环利用量增加了2.65倍;磷投入的构成由以人畜粪便为主(76.45%),转变为以磷肥为主(70.54%);中国农田系统磷使用效率呈下降趋势,由20世纪60年代的0.6左右下降到现在的0.3左右;农作物产量呈正相关,而磷使用效率与农田磷投入呈负相关。总的来看,中国农田系统磷收支经历先损失后积累的过程,1971年为转折点,到2011年时,中国农田土壤累积磷积累量达到71.18 Mt P。本文的研究为合理确定农田磷投入量,提高农田磷使用效率,减缓农田土壤磷积累,减轻农村面源污染等问题提供了科学依据。
[Abstract]:Increasing grain yield, improving phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency and reducing environmental non-point source pollution have been the focus of attention in China. Based on the method of material flow analysis, this paper scientifically evaluated the phosphorus budget of farmland system in China from 1961 to 2011 by constructing a dynamic model, and discussed the relationship between the input of farmland phosphorus and crop yield, phosphorus use efficiency. The changes of phosphorus budget of different crops in different periods were compared and analyzed. The results showed that from 1961 to 2011, the input of phosphorus increased by 7.93 times, the output of phosphorus increased by 2.89 times, and the amount of phosphorus recycling increased by 2.65 times. The composition of phosphorus input changed from human and animal dung (76.45%) to phosphorus fertilizer (70.54%), the phosphorus use efficiency of farmland system in China decreased from 0.6 in 1960s to about 0.3 now, and the crop yield was positively correlated. However, phosphorus use efficiency was negatively correlated with farmland phosphorus input. In general, the phosphorus budget of Chinese farmland system experienced the process of first loss and then accumulation, 1971 was the turning point, and by 2011, the accumulation of phosphorus in Chinese farmland soil reached 71.18 Mt. The research in this paper provides a scientific basis for determining the amount of phosphorus input in farmland, improving the efficiency of phosphorus use in farmland, slowing down the accumulation of phosphorus in farmland soil, and reducing non-point source pollution in rural areas.
【作者单位】： 中国农业大学资源与环境学院;中国土地政策与法律研究中心;南方科技大学环境学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;
【基金】：北京市自然科学基金(8151002) 国家自然科学基金(41571022,91325302,91425303)
【分类号】：S143.2;X71
，
本文编号：2140657
[Abstract]:Increasing grain yield, improving phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency and reducing environmental non-point source pollution have been the focus of attention in China. Based on the method of material flow analysis, this paper scientifically evaluated the phosphorus budget of farmland system in China from 1961 to 2011 by constructing a dynamic model, and discussed the relationship between the input of farmland phosphorus and crop yield, phosphorus use efficiency. The changes of phosphorus budget of different crops in different periods were compared and analyzed. The results showed that from 1961 to 2011, the input of phosphorus increased by 7.93 times, the output of phosphorus increased by 2.89 times, and the amount of phosphorus recycling increased by 2.65 times. The composition of phosphorus input changed from human and animal dung (76.45%) to phosphorus fertilizer (70.54%), the phosphorus use efficiency of farmland system in China decreased from 0.6 in 1960s to about 0.3 now, and the crop yield was positively correlated. However, phosphorus use efficiency was negatively correlated with farmland phosphorus input. In general, the phosphorus budget of Chinese farmland system experienced the process of first loss and then accumulation, 1971 was the turning point, and by 2011, the accumulation of phosphorus in Chinese farmland soil reached 71.18 Mt. The research in this paper provides a scientific basis for determining the amount of phosphorus input in farmland, improving the efficiency of phosphorus use in farmland, slowing down the accumulation of phosphorus in farmland soil, and reducing non-point source pollution in rural areas.
【作者单位】： 中国农业大学资源与环境学院;中国土地政策与法律研究中心;南方科技大学环境学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;
【基金】：北京市自然科学基金(8151002) 国家自然科学基金(41571022,91325302,91425303)
【分类号】：S143.2;X71
，
本文编号：2140657
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