重金属及农药对土壤酶活性的影响和吊兰植物富集Cd，Zn的研究

发布时间：2018-07-24 16:13

【摘要】：本文首先研究了Cd,Zn对宽叶吊兰和牵牛花根际土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,在本试验条件下Cd、Zn单一和复合污染,对2组供试植物根际土壤脲酶活性抑制作用最大,脲酶敏感性最强,其次是蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶。因此,可以将脲酶作为检测Cd、Zn污染的指标之一。在Cd、Zn单一及复合污染条件下,吊兰组根际土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性均大于牵牛花组,说明吊兰对Cd、Zn污染有较强的抗性和适应性,对Cd、Zn污染土壤的修复有一定的潜力。Cd、Zn复合污染对吊兰组和牵牛花组根际土壤脲酶表现出较弱的拮抗作用,在Cd50+Zn1000处理浓度下表现为协同作用;Cd、Zn复合污染对蔗糖酶在Cd1+Zn200,Cd5+Zn400处理浓度下表现为拮抗作用,其他组别表现为协同作用;Cd、Zn复合污染对过氧化氢酶表现为协同作用。复合污染对土壤酶抑制作用为CdZn。其次,本文选取宽叶吊兰作为修复植物,研究其对土壤中Cd,Zn的吸附能力和生长状况的影响。结果表明,低浓度的Cd(CCd=5 mg·kg-1)能促进吊兰叶绿素的合成,高浓度的Cd(5 mg·kg-1)抑制了叶绿素的合成。吊兰根系对Cd的抗性较差,转移至地上部分的能力较差,富集系数较低,因此,吊兰不具备Cd超富集植物的潜力,但仍有一定的富集能力。低浓度的Zn(≤400 mg·kg-1)对植物生长有一定的促进作用。吊兰根系对Zn有一定的抗性;吊兰的迁移系数和富集系数都较低,不能作为Zn超富集植物。吊兰对Cd的转运能力和富集能力要弱于Zn。然后,模拟研究两种杀菌剂代森锰锌和百菌清对土壤酶活性的影响,结果表明在代森锰锌和百菌清不同处理浓度下,培养期间(1至12天)三种酶活性的变化趋势均为升高-降低-平缓。较低浓度的代森锰锌和百菌清对土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶有激活作用,较高浓度的代森锰锌和百菌清对土壤3种酶活性有抑制作用。对比2种农药对土壤脲酶,蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的抑制率,代森锰锌各项抑制率均要高于百菌清,说明代森锰锌对土壤生态的毒性要大于百菌清。不同处理浓度下的代森锰锌,比较3种酶活性抑制率,脲酶蔗糖酶过氧化氢酶;不同处理浓度下的百菌清,3种酶活性的抑制率为脲酶蔗糖酶过氧化氢酶。表明脲酶对代森锰锌和百菌清的影响较为敏感,能够作为土壤污染的指标之一。最后,模拟了代森锰锌和Cd复合污染对农田土和大棚土的土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,低浓度的代森锰锌和Cd复合处理对农田和大棚土壤中脲酶和过氧化氢酶有激活作用。较高浓度的复合处理会对农田和大棚土壤中脲酶和过氧化氢酶有抑制作用,并随处理浓度的升高而加强。不同浓度下代森锰锌和Cd复合处理对2种土壤中蔗糖酶的活性为抑制作用。对于农田土壤,代森锰锌和Cd复合处理对其3种土壤酶的活性影响大小为脲酶蔗糖酶过氧化氢酶。对于大棚土壤,代森锰锌和Cd复合处理对其3种土壤酶的活性影响大小为脲酶过氧化氢酶蔗糖酶。与大棚土壤相比,农田土壤对代森锰锌和Cd的复合作用有较强的抗性。
[Abstract]:The effects of Cd and Zn on the enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil of Chlorophytum wide and morning glory were studied in this paper. The results showed that, under the conditions of Cd, Zn single and compound pollution, the urease activity in the rhizosphere soil of the 2 groups was the greatest, the urease sensitivity was the strongest, and the second was the sugarcane enzyme and catalase. Therefore, urease could be used as a test. The activity of urease, invertase and catalase in the rhizosphere soil of the Chlorophytum group was greater than that of the morning flower group under the condition of Cd, Zn single and compound pollution. It indicated that the Chlorophytum had strong resistance and adaptability to Cd and Zn pollution, and had a certain potential.Cd for the remediation of Cd, Zn contaminated soil, and Zn compound pollution to Chlorophytum and lead cattle. The urease in the rhizosphere soil of the flower group showed a weak antagonism and exhibited synergistic action under the concentration of Cd50+Zn1000. The compound pollution of Cd, Zn was antagonistic to the concentration of invertase at Cd1+Zn200, Cd5+Zn400 treatment concentration, and the other groups were synergistic; Cd, Zn compound pollution had synergistic effect on catalase. The inhibition of soil enzyme was CdZn.. The effect of chlorophyllin on the adsorption capacity and growth of Cd and Zn in soil was studied in this paper. The results showed that low concentration of Cd (CCd=5 mg. Kg-1) could promote the synthesis of chlorophyl, and the high concentration of Cd (5 mg kg-1) inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll. The root of chlorophyllin to Cd The resistance is poor, the ability to transfer to the upper part is poor and the enrichment coefficient is low. Therefore, Chlorophytum has no potential for Cd hyperenrichment plants, but still has a certain enrichment ability. Low concentration of Zn (less than 400 mg. Kg-1) has a certain promotion effect on plant growth. The root system of Chlorophytum has certain resistance to Zn; the migration coefficient and enrichment factor of Chlorophytum are all more than that of Chlorophytum. It is low and can not be used as a Zn hyperconcentration plant. The transport and enrichment of Chlorophytum on Cd is weaker than that of Zn., and then the effects of two fungicides on the activity of soil enzyme are simulated. The results show that under the different concentration of mancozeb and chlorothalonil, the changes of the activity of three enzymes during the incubation period (1 to 12 days) are all increased. The lower concentration of mancozeb and chlorothalonil could activate the soil urease, invertase and catalase, and the higher concentration of mancozeb and chlorothalonil inhibited the activity of 3 kinds of soil enzymes. The inhibition rates of 2 pesticides on soil urease, sucrase and catalase were higher than those of the 2 kinds of pesticides. The toxicity of mancozeb on soil ecology is greater than that of chlorothalonil. The activity inhibition rate of 3 enzymes, urease sucrase catalase, urease sucrase and urease sucrase catalase are compared with the urease sucrase activity. The results show that urease to the mancozeb and 100% of the urease. In the end, the effects of mancozeb and Cd compound pollution on soil enzyme activity in soil and greenhouse soil were simulated. The results showed that the low concentration of mancozeb and Cd compound treatment could activate the urea enzyme and catalase in farmland and greenhouse soil. The compound treatment could inhibit the urease and catalase in farmland and greenhouse soil, and strengthened with the increase of treatment concentration. Under different concentrations, mancozin and Cd compound treatment could inhibit the activity of sugarcane sugar enzyme in 2 soils. For farmland soil, the effects of mancozon and Cd compound treatment on the activity of the 3 Soil enzymes The size of the urease sucrase was catalase. For the greenhouse soil, the activity of the 3 soil enzyme activities of the mancozeb and Cd compound treatment was urease catalase invertase. Compared with the greenhouse soil, the farmland soil had a strong resistance to the combination of the mancozeb and the Cd.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;X173

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