西安市大气污染治理的法律对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 19:49

【摘要】：工业化和城市化的飞速发展带来了能源资源的消耗,资源消耗带来的环境污染使我省大气污染严重,其中的关中城市群已经成为全国大气污染最严重的地区之一,被列为全国大气污染重点防治区域“三区十群”。按照新修订的环境空气质量评价标准,关中、陕北城市均不达标,西安地区尤甚。依照国家新标准,西安市今年第一季度仅有5天达到良好标准,占第一季度总天数的5.6%,期间,PM2.5日均值多次“爆表”,最高达到499微克/立方米,是国家标准(二级标准日均值75微克/立方米)的6.7倍。今年一季度,按照城市空气质量综合指数进行评价,西安市在全国74个城市中排名倒数第七,在省会城市中排名倒数第三。严峻的空气质量状况对人民群众的身心健康造成巨大影响,已经成为社会广泛关注的热点、焦点和难点。加快大气污染防治地方法制建设,加强依法治理大气污染的力度,就显得尤为迫切和必要。大气污染问题是工业化、城市化过程中,世界各国共同面对的难题。发达国家通过加强环保立法,完善法律制度解决大气污染的经验值得我们研究和借鉴。当前造成空气污染现状的原因很多,但其中一个很重要的原因就是我省大气污染防治的法制建设满足不了实际工作的需要:一是目前我省大气污染防治的法规缺乏针对性。在《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》出台后,我省尚未制定相应的地方性实施细则,在大气污染防治法制建设方面先天不足。二是现有的法规适应不了当前大气污染防治的要求。现在的大气污染防治与2000年前后大气污染防治发生了很大变化,出现了一些新现象、新污染源。因此急需对我市的大气污染治理的法律对策进行研究,建立长效机制,从根本上遏制目前空气环境质量恶化的势头。目前,我国环境法律法规与政策制定体系已初见成效,却还存在与环保工作现状脱节的问题。主要表现为:在立法层面,环境法律法规多为原则性规定,在执行过程中缺乏明确的程序性操作流程;在执法上还存在地方政府为追求GDP庇护企业的保护主义;在监督上缺乏一个强力机构,处罚力度太轻。在解决这些问题时,要从立法的根本层面上入手,制定针对性强的法律法规,转变地方政府对经济与环境关系的认识,提高公众参与的深度与广度,以解决我国大气污染问题。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of industrialization and urbanization has brought about the consumption of energy and resources. The environmental pollution caused by the consumption of resources has made the air pollution of our province serious. The Guanzhong urban agglomeration has become one of the most serious air pollution areas in China. Is listed as the national air pollution prevention and control area, "three regions ten groups." According to the newly revised environmental air quality evaluation standard, Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi cities are not up to the standard, especially in Xi'an area. According to the new state standards, Xi'an has only 5 days of good standards in the first quarter of this year, accounting for 5.6% of the total number of days in the first quarter. During this period, the average of PM2.5 days has been "exploded" many times, with a maximum of 499 micrograms per cubic meter. It is 6.7 times the national standard (daily average of 75 micrograms / cubic meter). In the first quarter of this year, Xi'an ranked the seventh lowest of 74 cities in the country and the third lowest among provincial capitals, according to a comprehensive urban air quality index. The severe air quality has a great impact on the physical and mental health of the people, and has become the focus, focus and difficulty of the society. It is urgent and necessary to speed up the construction of local legal system and strengthen the control of air pollution according to law. Air pollution is a difficult problem in the process of industrialization and urbanization. The experience of developed countries in solving air pollution through strengthening environmental protection legislation and perfecting legal system is worth studying and drawing lessons from. There are many reasons for the current situation of air pollution, but one of the important reasons is that the legal construction of air pollution prevention and control in our province can not meet the needs of the actual work: first, the current regulations of air pollution prevention and control in our province lack pertinence. After the promulgation of the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Air pollution, our province has not yet drawn up the corresponding local implementation rules, which is naturally deficient in the construction of the legal system for the prevention and control of air pollution. Second, the existing laws and regulations can not meet the current requirements of air pollution prevention. Great changes have taken place in the prevention and control of air pollution before and after 2000, and some new phenomena, new sources of pollution have appeared. Therefore, it is urgent to study the legal countermeasures of air pollution control in our city, establish a long-term mechanism, and fundamentally curb the current trend of air quality deterioration. At present, China's environmental laws and regulations and policy making system has achieved initial results, but there are still problems that are out of line with the current situation of environmental protection. At the legislative level, environmental laws and regulations are mostly in principle and lack of clear procedural operation process in the process of implementation, and there are still protectionism in law enforcement by local governments in pursuit of GDP sheltered enterprises. In the absence of a strong oversight body, the punishment is too light. In order to solve these problems, we should start from the fundamental level of legislation, formulate laws and regulations with strong pertinence, change local governments' understanding of the relationship between economy and environment, and improve the depth and breadth of public participation in order to solve the problem of air pollution in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.68

【相似文献】