印制线路板废水中四溴双酚A分布特征与控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 17:20

【摘要】：印制线路板行业是一种生产工序多、能耗水耗多、产生污染物多的重污染行业,严重影响着周边环境。印制线路板废水中含有的典型特征污染物存在着浓度低、难生物降解、生物毒性较大等特征,需要深入解析其产生与分布行为,进而提出高效稳定的控制方案。本课题以印制线路板行业废水中的四溴双酚A(TBBPA)作为研究对象,通过分析其在生产过程中的产生与分布特征,以及在废水处理设施中的削减行为,结合有效的废水处理末端强化处理手段,建立印制线路板行业TBBPA综合控制方案,为现有废水中典型特征污染物的去除以及相关处理设施的升级改造提供依据与技术支持。通过对印制线路板原辅材料进行检测与生产过程模拟,确定TBBPA的产生与分布特征。结果表明:PCB基板、抗蚀干膜、阻焊油墨和文字油墨中含有TBBPA。(内层)显影、蚀刻、褪膜、二次镀铜、镀锡和(表面处理)显影工序中均可产生TBBPA,且PCB基板在上述工序中会产生TBBPA。结合清洁生产理念,从原辅材料替代、技术工艺改造、固体废弃物回收和清洁生产管理等方面提出控制TBBPA的生产控制方案。研究厂区废水处理设施典型单元中TBBPA的削减行为与影响因素,结果表明:混凝沉淀和活性污泥曝气池对TBBPA均有较高去除率。在p H为7.5~8.0,PAC投加量为300 mg/L,PAM投加量为3 mg/L时,混凝沉淀对TBBPA的去除率为87%。活性污泥法对TBBPA的去除主要以吸附作用为主。p H值、温度、共存物质等均会影响TBBPA在废水处理单元中的去除效能。研究以吸附过滤法为核心的TBBPA末端强化去除技术,结果表明:活性炭对TBBPA的去除率能达到90%以上,而石英砂滤柱对TBBPA的去除率约为30%左右。TBBPA在活性炭上的吸附主要为单分子层吸附,最大吸附量为39.37 mg/g。石英砂滤柱对TBBPA的去除效果受滤层高度、滤速、进水浓度和共存物质的影响。NH_4~+、Cu~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-和腐殖酸等共存物质的存在显著抑制活性炭与石英砂滤柱对TBBPA的去除效果。基于上述研究结果,建立了一套炭砂滤柱全流程系统,对TBBPA具有稳定高效的去除效能,当TBBPA的进水浓度为1 mg/L时,平均去除率为99.6%。
[Abstract]:Printed circuit board industry is a kind of heavy pollution industry with many production processes, water consumption and pollutants, which seriously affects the surrounding environment. The typical characteristic pollutants contained in printed circuit board wastewater have the characteristics of low concentration, difficult biodegradation and high biotoxicity. It is necessary to analyze the generation and distribution behavior of printed circuit board wastewater, and then put forward a control scheme of high efficiency and stability. In this paper, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in wastewater from printed circuit board industry was studied. The characteristics of production and distribution, and the behavior of reduction in wastewater treatment facilities were analyzed. Combined with the effective means of strengthening the treatment of waste water, the comprehensive control scheme of TBBPA in printed circuit board industry is established, which provides the basis and technical support for the removal of typical characteristic pollutants in the existing wastewater and the upgrading of related treatment facilities. The production and distribution characteristics of TBBPA were determined by testing and simulating the raw and auxiliary materials of printed circuit board (PCB). The results showed that TBBPA-containing TBBPA was found in the substrate of 1: PCB, corrosion resistant dry film, welding resistance ink and text ink. TBBPA can be produced in development, etching, chlorination, secondary copper plating, tin plating and (surface treatment) development process, and the PCB substrate will produce TBBPA in the above processes. Combined with the concept of cleaner production, the production control scheme of controlling TBBPA is put forward from the aspects of substitute of raw and auxiliary materials, technical process transformation, solid waste recovery and cleaner production management, etc. The reduction behavior and influencing factors of TBBPA in typical unit of wastewater treatment facility were studied. The results showed that both coagulation sedimentation and activated sludge aeration tank had higher removal rate of TBBPA. The removal rate of TBBPA by coagulation precipitation was 87 when the dosage of PAC was 3 mg/L when pH was 7.5 渭 g 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) mg/L. The removal of TBBPA by activated sludge process mainly includes adsorption, pH value, temperature and co-existing substances. All these factors will affect the removal efficiency of TBBPA in wastewater treatment unit. The enhanced removal technology of TBBPA terminal based on adsorption filtration method was studied. The results showed that the removal rate of TBBPA by activated carbon could reach more than 90%. The removal rate of TBBPA by quartz sand filter column is about 30%. The adsorption of TBBPA on activated carbon is mainly monolayer adsorption, the maximum adsorption amount is 39.37 mg / g. The effect of quartz sand filter column on the removal of TBBPA is affected by filter height, filtration rate, influent concentration and coexisting substances. The existence of coexisting substances such as HCO3- and humic acid significantly inhibits the removal of TBBPA by activated carbon and quartz sand filter column. Based on the above research results, a whole process system of carbon sand filter column is established, which has a stable and efficient removal efficiency for TBBPA. When the influent concentration of TBBPA is 1 mg/L, the average removal rate is 99.6%.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X76

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