黄海绿潮分布年际变化特征分析

发布时间：2018-08-01 09:47

【摘要】：2008—2015年,连续8年在黄海海域暴发大规模绿潮,但因暴发时间、规模及漂移路径的不同,对沿海地区造成的环境影响和经济损失大不相同。本文利用EOS/MODIS卫星的多通道资料,采用NDVI算法获取绿潮信息,给出了2007年以来5—8月所有无云或少云晴朗天气下黄海海面绿潮的分布情况。黄海绿潮覆盖面积变化每年呈现单峰值分布,MODIS卫星在5月中旬至6月初首次发现绿潮,随后30~40d内达到覆盖面积峰值,7月快速消退,8月上旬完全消失。2007年绿潮出现首年覆盖面积极低,发现绿潮时面积均未超过50km2;2008年和2009年绿潮覆盖面积峰值分别为3 110km2和4 075km2,自此绿潮灾害成为新的海洋环境事件;2010—2012年绿潮暴发规模异常低值,各年覆盖面积峰值均未超过1 800km2,但从2013年开始绿潮规模逐渐攀升,到2015年绿潮覆盖面积峰值达5 629km2,持续可达98d,覆盖面积和持续时间为历年之最。绿潮漂移路径可归纳分为3类:2008年和2011年绿潮主体先北向漂移越过34°30′N后,西北向垂直于岸线漂移,主要对连云港、日照和青岛造成较大影响;2009年和2012年绿潮主体先北向漂移越过35°N后,东北向平行于岸线漂移,故只有少许绿潮上岸;2010年、2013—2015年绿潮主体北向漂移至近岸后东北向沿岸漂移,对日照、青岛和荣成沿海造成大面积影响。所有年份绿潮影响范围均限于南黄海内,东侧边界最远未越过124.2°E。
[Abstract]:From 2008 to 2015, a large-scale green tide broke out in the Huang Hai sea area for eight consecutive years, but the environmental impact and economic loss on the coastal area were greatly different due to the different time, scale and drift path of the outbreak. In this paper, using the multi-channel data of EOS/MODIS satellite and using NDVI algorithm to obtain the green tide information, the distribution of the green tide on the Huang Hai sea surface in May and August since 2007 is given. The variation of Huang Hai green tide cover area presents a single peak distribution every year. The green tide was first detected by the Huang Hai satellite from mid-May to early June. The peak value of coverage area was reached within 30 ~ 40 days, then disappeared rapidly in July and completely disappeared in the first ten days of August. The coverage of the first year of the green tide in 2007 was positively low. It was found that the area of green tide was not more than 50 km ~ 2, the peak value of green tide coverage area in 2008 and 2009 was 3 110km2 and 4 075 km ~ 2, respectively. Since then, the green tide disaster has become a new marine environmental event and the scale of green tide outbreak in 2010-2012 is abnormally low. The peak value of annual coverage area did not exceed 1 800 km 2, but the green tide scale gradually increased from 2013 to 2015, reaching 5 629 km 2, lasting up to 98 days, and the coverage area and duration were the highest in the past years. The green tide drift paths can be classified into three categories: in 2008 and 2011, the main green tide drifts northward after crossing 34 掳30N, and the northwest drifts perpendicular to the shoreline, mainly for Lianyungang. In 2009 and 2012, the main body of the green tide drifted northward after crossing 35 掳N, then the northeast direction drifted parallel to the shore line, so there was only a little green tide coming ashore. In 2010, the main body of the green tide drifted northward to the nearshore and then to the northeast coast in the period of 2013-2015. To sunshine, Qingdao and Rongcheng coastal area caused a large impact. The influence range of green tide in all years is confined to the south Huang Hai, and the east boundary is not over 124.2 掳E.
【作者单位】：天津科技大学海洋与环境学院;
【基金】：中国科学院战略先导专项(XDA11020305) 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0601301) 国家自然科学基金(41276016,41376006,41376112)
【分类号】：X55

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