外源一氧化氮与水杨酸对黑麦草镉、铜胁迫的缓解效应及其机理研究
发布时间：2018-08-03 16:35
【摘要】：随着工业生产进程的加速,重金属污染问题已引起全球的广泛关注,特别是土壤的重金属污染。重金属可通过食物链的富集作用对人类产生危害,而镉和铜是常见的重金属污染物,经常以复合污染形式存在于自然界中,其治理难度较大。黑麦草是重要的草坪草和牧草,应用十分广泛。本文以黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)为材料,通过盆栽与液培试验相结合的方法,研究了镉、铜及其复合污染对黑麦草的毒害机理,并探讨了添加外源NO与SA对黑麦草镉铜复合胁迫的缓解效应及机制。主要研究结果如下:1.液培试验中,100和150μM Cd对黑麦草产生了严重的毒害作用,尤其是150μM Cd。镉胁迫通过显著降低叶绿素含量,抑制了Fe,Cu和Zn的吸收,影响抗氧化酶的活性和增加活性氧的积累而对黑麦草产生毒害。添加外源NO能够显著缓解镉胁迫对黑麦草的毒害作用,在150μM Cd胁迫下缓解作用较好。外源NO促进了黑麦草的生长。增加了叶绿素含量,促进了黑麦草的光合作用;促进了矿质元素的吸收,明显改善了细胞内离子平衡。试验结果还发现:外源NO通过增加抗氧化酶的活性,减少O2?-、H2O2和MDA的积累而减轻氧化压力;NO还抑制了镉从地下部向地上部的运输。这些研究结果表明,外源NO通过抑制镉的转运和改善抗氧化系统来减轻氧化压力,缓解镉对黑麦草的毒害作用。2.液培条件下,不同浓度的SA对镉胁迫下黑麦草的缓解效应不同。添加100,200,300μM的SA增加了叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性,增加了矿质元素的吸收和转运,减少了H2O2和MDA的累积。添加200μM的SA的缓解效果最好,不仅减少了黑麦草对镉的吸收,还抑制了镉从地下部向地上部的转运。研究黑麦草地下部和地上部的亚细胞结构发现,添加200μM的SA增加了镉在液泡和细胞壁中的累积使大部分的镉在液泡和细胞壁中,而很小一部分在细胞器中。这些结果表明适宜浓度的SA能够缓解镉对黑麦草的毒害作用,促进黑麦草的生长。3.液培条件下,镉、铜、尤其是镉铜复合胁迫使黑麦草产生黄化,抑制了黑麦草的生长,增加了黑麦草体内的镉、铜或者镉和铜含量。100μM SNP显著缓解了镉胁迫、铜胁迫,尤其是镉铜复合胁迫。表现在:增加黑麦草的叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性,促进植株生长。通过促进矿质元素的吸收改善细胞内离子平衡。另外,外源NO抑制了镉和铜的转运。这些结果表明,在复合胁迫下NO的缓解作用可能比同浓度的单一胁迫好。4.盆栽试验中,向生长在镉胁迫土壤中的黑麦草根部供应不同浓度的外源NO,并通过连续割茬的方式研究镉对重金属对不同茬次黑麦草的毒害作用及外源NO的缓解效应及机理。结果表明,不同浓度的SNP对土壤镉胁迫下黑麦草植株的缓解效果不同,SNP的缓解效应需要适宜的浓度,50-300μM SNP处理,尤其是300μM的SNP,可提高黑麦草叶绿素含量,改善抗氧化酶活性,促进矿质元素的吸收,减轻镉引起的氧化伤害,抑制镉从地下部向地上部转移。随着NO浓度的增大,NO的缓解作用降低,在500μM时,缓解效果减弱甚至与镉胁迫一起抑制黑麦草的生长。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of industrial production process, the problem of heavy metal pollution has attracted worldwide attention, especially the heavy metal pollution of soil. Heavy metals can be harmful to human beings through the enrichment of food chain. Cadmium and copper are common heavy metals pollutants, often in the form of compound pollution in nature, which is difficult to control. Ryegrass is an important turf grass and herbage, which is widely used. In this paper, Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass) was used as a material. The toxicity mechanism of cadmium, copper and its compound pollution on ryegrass was studied through a combination of pot culture and liquid culture test. The effect and mechanism of adding exogenous NO and SA to the compound stress of CD and Cu in ryegrass was discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. in 1. liquid culture, 100 and 150 mu Cd have a serious toxic effect on ryegrass, especially 150 mu M Cd. cadmium stress by significantly reducing the content of chlorophyll, inhibiting the absorption of Fe, Cu and Zn, affecting the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and toxic to ryegrass. Adding exogenous NO can show the toxicity. The effect of cadmium stress on ryegrass was alleviated and the effect of remission was better under 150 M Cd stress. Exogenous NO promoted the growth of ryegrass, increased the content of chlorophyll, promoted the photosynthesis of ryegrass, promoted the absorption of mineral elements and improved the ion balance in cells. The experimental results also found that exogenous NO increased oxygen resistance by increasing oxygen. Enzyme activity, reducing the accumulation of O2? - H2O2 and MDA and reducing the oxidative stress; NO also inhibited the transport of cadmium from the underground to the ground. These results showed that exogenous NO alleviated the oxidative stress by inhibiting the transport of cadmium and improving the antioxidant system and alleviated the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass by.2. liquid culture and SA pairs of different concentrations. The remission effect of ryegrass was different under cadmium stress. The addition of 100200300 M SA increased the content of chlorophyll and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased the absorption and transport of mineral elements, reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA. The addition of 200 mu M was the best, which not only reduced the absorption of Ryegrass to cadmium, but also inhibited the cadmium from the ground to the ground. The study of subcellular structure in the lower and upper part of the rye grassland found that the addition of 200 M SA increased the accumulation of cadmium in the vacuoles and cell walls and made most of the cadmium in the vacuoles and cell walls, and a small fraction of the cadmium in the organelles. These results showed that the suitable concentration of SA could alleviate the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass and promote the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass. Under the conditions of.3. liquid culture of ryegrass, CD, Cu, and especially cadmium copper compound stress made ryegrass yellowing, inhibit the growth of ryegrass, increase the cadmium, copper or cadmium and copper content of Ryegrass in the body of ryegrass,.100 M SNP significantly alleviated cadmium stress, copper stress, especially cadmium copper compound stress. And the activity of antioxidant enzymes promoted plant growth. By promoting the absorption of mineral elements to improve the intracellular ion balance. Additionally, exogenous NO inhibited the transport of cadmium and copper. These results suggest that the remission of NO under compound stress may be better than the same concentration of single stress.4. pot test, to the Rye roots in the soil under cadmium stress. Different concentrations of exogenous NO were supplied, and the effects of cadmium on the toxicity of heavy metals to different stubble ryegrass and the mitigating effect and mechanism of exogenous NO were studied through continuous cutting. The results showed that different concentrations of SNP had different remission effects on the plant of ryegrass under cadmium stress, and the alleviating effect of SNP needed a suitable concentration, 50-300 mu M S. NP treatment, especially the SNP of 300 mu M, can improve the chlorophyll content of ryegrass, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes, promote the absorption of mineral elements, reduce the oxidative damage caused by cadmium and inhibit the transfer of cadmium from the underground to the ground. As the concentration of NO increases, the alleviating effect of NO is reduced, and the mitigation effect is weakened even with cadmium stress at the time of 500 mu M. The growth of ryegrass.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;S543.6
本文编号：2162338
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of industrial production process, the problem of heavy metal pollution has attracted worldwide attention, especially the heavy metal pollution of soil. Heavy metals can be harmful to human beings through the enrichment of food chain. Cadmium and copper are common heavy metals pollutants, often in the form of compound pollution in nature, which is difficult to control. Ryegrass is an important turf grass and herbage, which is widely used. In this paper, Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass) was used as a material. The toxicity mechanism of cadmium, copper and its compound pollution on ryegrass was studied through a combination of pot culture and liquid culture test. The effect and mechanism of adding exogenous NO and SA to the compound stress of CD and Cu in ryegrass was discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. in 1. liquid culture, 100 and 150 mu Cd have a serious toxic effect on ryegrass, especially 150 mu M Cd. cadmium stress by significantly reducing the content of chlorophyll, inhibiting the absorption of Fe, Cu and Zn, affecting the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and toxic to ryegrass. Adding exogenous NO can show the toxicity. The effect of cadmium stress on ryegrass was alleviated and the effect of remission was better under 150 M Cd stress. Exogenous NO promoted the growth of ryegrass, increased the content of chlorophyll, promoted the photosynthesis of ryegrass, promoted the absorption of mineral elements and improved the ion balance in cells. The experimental results also found that exogenous NO increased oxygen resistance by increasing oxygen. Enzyme activity, reducing the accumulation of O2? - H2O2 and MDA and reducing the oxidative stress; NO also inhibited the transport of cadmium from the underground to the ground. These results showed that exogenous NO alleviated the oxidative stress by inhibiting the transport of cadmium and improving the antioxidant system and alleviated the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass by.2. liquid culture and SA pairs of different concentrations. The remission effect of ryegrass was different under cadmium stress. The addition of 100200300 M SA increased the content of chlorophyll and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased the absorption and transport of mineral elements, reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA. The addition of 200 mu M was the best, which not only reduced the absorption of Ryegrass to cadmium, but also inhibited the cadmium from the ground to the ground. The study of subcellular structure in the lower and upper part of the rye grassland found that the addition of 200 M SA increased the accumulation of cadmium in the vacuoles and cell walls and made most of the cadmium in the vacuoles and cell walls, and a small fraction of the cadmium in the organelles. These results showed that the suitable concentration of SA could alleviate the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass and promote the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass. Under the conditions of.3. liquid culture of ryegrass, CD, Cu, and especially cadmium copper compound stress made ryegrass yellowing, inhibit the growth of ryegrass, increase the cadmium, copper or cadmium and copper content of Ryegrass in the body of ryegrass,.100 M SNP significantly alleviated cadmium stress, copper stress, especially cadmium copper compound stress. And the activity of antioxidant enzymes promoted plant growth. By promoting the absorption of mineral elements to improve the intracellular ion balance. Additionally, exogenous NO inhibited the transport of cadmium and copper. These results suggest that the remission of NO under compound stress may be better than the same concentration of single stress.4. pot test, to the Rye roots in the soil under cadmium stress. Different concentrations of exogenous NO were supplied, and the effects of cadmium on the toxicity of heavy metals to different stubble ryegrass and the mitigating effect and mechanism of exogenous NO were studied through continuous cutting. The results showed that different concentrations of SNP had different remission effects on the plant of ryegrass under cadmium stress, and the alleviating effect of SNP needed a suitable concentration, 50-300 mu M S. NP treatment, especially the SNP of 300 mu M, can improve the chlorophyll content of ryegrass, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes, promote the absorption of mineral elements, reduce the oxidative damage caused by cadmium and inhibit the transfer of cadmium from the underground to the ground. As the concentration of NO increases, the alleviating effect of NO is reduced, and the mitigation effect is weakened even with cadmium stress at the time of 500 mu M. The growth of ryegrass.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;S543.6
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