枸杞岛瓦氏马尾藻规模化增养殖及生态修复作用研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 15:56

【摘要】：瓦氏马尾藻(Sargassum vachellianum)属于褐藻门(Phaeophyta),为我国特有物种,外形为树状,株高可达160cm,是我国浙江、广东沿海自然海藻场重要组成部分。马尾藻具有重要经济价值,是我国鲍鱼、海参等重要海洋经济动物养殖重要鲜活海藻饵料来源之一,且马尾藻多糖及藻胶可作为医药和工业原料。近年来,由于我国近海海洋生态环境恶化,富营养化现象严重,我国沿海瓦氏马尾藻藻场呈退化趋势。其中,浙江省枸杞岛瓦氏马尾藻野生资源受到严重破坏,瓦氏马尾藻藻场生态系统中度退化、Ⅲ类退化级别,健康状况一般。因此,如何保护和构建瓦氏马尾藻藻场、充分利用野生瓦氏马尾藻资源治理海洋生态环境是当前紧迫任务。在本实验室瓦氏马尾藻人工藻礁构建工程技术建立的基础上,本文则主要研究了瓦氏马尾藻规模化增养殖及生态修复作用。首先,在实验室水平研究了温度、光照和盐度重要环境因子对瓦氏马尾藻生长及光合作用的影响;其次,在此基础上,建立了瓦氏马尾藻规模化人工育苗及海区培育体系;第三,在枸杞岛后头湾研究了瓦氏马尾藻规模化养殖及生态修复作用,以期使枸杞岛瓦氏马尾藻天然藻场得到恢复,并为后期利用大型海藻进行海洋生态环境修复,减缓海水富营养化提供理论依据和技术支持。主要研究结果如下:1.重要环境因子对瓦氏马尾藻生长及光合作用的影响研究了不同温度、光照强度和盐度对瓦氏马尾藻生长、光合色素含量及光合放氧活性的影响。结果表明,3种环境因子对瓦氏马尾藻生长、光合色素含量及光合放氧活性影响显著(P0.05)。其中,瓦氏马尾藻适宜生长条件为:温度15~20℃,最适温度为20℃;光照强度20~60μmol·m-2·s-1;盐度20~40,最适盐度为30。最高特定生长率达5.80%·d-1。温度高于25℃或光照强度大于200μmol·m-2·s-1或盐度小于10或大于50藻体两周后基本停止生长并出现发白、变软、腐烂现象。温度10~20℃、光照强度20~60μmol·m-2·s-1、盐度20~40时较适宜瓦氏马尾藻光合色素的积累。温度20℃、光照强度100μmol·m-2·s-1、盐度30时瓦氏马尾藻的光合放氧活性最高,最高值达258.50μmol·mg-1·h-1。与低光强相比高光强对瓦氏马尾藻光合放氧活性的抑制作用不明显。研究结果为瓦氏马尾藻资源保护和藻场修复提供了理论依据。2.枸杞岛瓦氏马尾藻规模化育苗及海区培育技术研究研究了瓦氏马尾藻规模化繁育技术优化及海区养殖技术。通过采集海区成熟藻体,进行室内培养催熟放散受精卵,共收集到受精卵920.8万颗,并喷洒于水泥板、棕绳、木板3种基质,进行瓦氏马尾藻受精卵附着、萌发、生长等实验,发现棕绳育苗效果最佳,而木板在育苗后期脱苗最为严重。受精卵喷洒10天后,3种附着基的出苗率分别为85.5%、80.2%、91.3%,幼苗呈褐色针状,平均株高约1.3mm。前20天三种附着基幼苗密度较高且保持稳定,其中木板幼苗密度最高,达8.2株/cm2,且与其它各组差异显著(P0.05),但幼苗均生长缓慢,平均特定生长率只有5.5%·d-1。第30天,幼苗出现明显分枝,生长率增大到前20天的1.6倍,其中棕帘幼苗株高最大,且与其它两组差异显著(P0.05),而3种附着基幼苗密度均明显降低,幼苗存活率为83.6%、79.7%和75.6%。第60天棕绳幼苗密度及平均株高均最大,且与其它组差异显著(P0.05)。将附有幼苗的水泥板(藻礁)、棕绳放入海区进行养殖,发现幼苗在浪大流急海区生长较快,4周后平均株高分别达98.7mm和103.1mm是对照组的1.5倍,但棕绳脱苗严重。藻礁较适合海区规模化投放养殖,是藻场修复和重建的理想材料。研究结果为瓦氏马尾藻规模化养殖和藻场构建提供技术支撑和理论依据。3.枸杞岛瓦氏马尾藻规模化养殖及生态修复作用研究研究了瓦氏马尾藻海区规模化养殖及其对水环境因子的影响。结果表明,瓦氏马尾藻生长适宜水深为1.5m~2.5m,最适水深为2m。藻体春秋季节生长相对较快,夏季开始衰败,养殖和野生藻体最高特定生长率均出现在2014年5月份,分别达6.8%·d-1、5.9%·d-1,生长旺盛月份养殖藻体生长快于野生藻体,并提前成熟。与2013年相比2014年除1、7号站位外其他站位IN、IP、TN、TP、COD和Ch-a质量浓度均显著降低(P0.05),整体呈两侧站位高中部站位低的趋势;DO质量浓度和透明度(SD)显著升高(P0.05),其中COD和Ch-a质量浓度分别降低达18.75%和43.51%,且后者最高值仅为1.55μg·L-1;DO质量浓度和透明度(SD)分别升高了4.52%和8.09%,与2011年相比2014年枸杞岛后头湾瓦氏马尾藻藻场藻体密度和株高均显著增加,藻场面积已由1500平方米增加到7500平方米。可见,瓦氏马尾藻养殖后该海域水质明显改善,瓦氏马尾藻藻场得到一定恢复。研究结果为瓦氏马尾藻栽培及利用大型海藻进行海洋生态修复提供了理论依据。
[Abstract]:Sargassum vachellianum (Sargassum) belongs to the brown algae gate (Phaeophyta). It is a unique species in China. It is a tree like tree and the plant height is up to 160cm. It is an important part of the natural seaweed field in Zhejiang and Guangdong coast of China. One of the sources is that Sargassum Polysaccharide and alginate can be used as pharmaceutical and industrial raw materials. In recent years, due to the deterioration of marine ecological environment and eutrophication in China, the alga field in China's coastal waters is deteriorating. Therefore, it is an urgent task to protect and construct the vwzo Sargassum field and make full use of the wild wagwl Sargassum resources to control the marine ecological environment. In the laboratory level, the effects of temperature, light and salinity on the growth and Photosynthesis of Marco marsara were studied at the laboratory level. Secondly, a large-scale artificial seedling raising and sea area cultivation system was established on this basis. Third, the study on the back bay of wolfberry island was studied. In order to restore the natural algae field of wolfberry marsarum in wolfberry Island, the natural algae field in wolfberry island was restored, and the theoretical basis and technical support were provided for the later use of large seaweed to repair the marine environment and slow down the eutrophication of sea water. The main results are as follows: 1. important environmental factors are the growth of marsarum wal. The effects of temperature, light intensity and salinity on the growth, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of oxygenation were studied. The results showed that the 3 environmental factors had significant effects on the growth, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of photosynthetic oxygen release (P0.05). The suitable growth conditions were as follows: The temperature is 15~20 C, the optimum temperature is 20 C; the light intensity is 20~60 mol. M-2. S-1; the salinity 20~40, the optimum salinity is 30., the specific growth rate is 5.80%. D-1., or the light intensity is more than 200 mu mol. M-2 S-1 or the salinity is less than 10 or more than 50 algae body two weeks. The light intensity of 20~60 Mu mol. M-2. S-1 is more suitable for the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments of Sargassum valsalis at the salinity of 20~40. The temperature is 20, 100, mol. M-2. S-1, and the salinity is 30 when the salinity is 30. The maximum value is 258.50 mu. Mg-1. H-1. and low light intensity. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of Sargassum VWL resources and the restoration of algae field. Study on the scale breeding and breeding technology of marsarum Valli marsarum.2. in wolfberry island and the technology of sea area cultivation. A total of 9 million 208 thousand fertilized eggs were collected, and the fertilized eggs were collected and sprayed on the cement board, the brown rope and the wood board in 3 kinds of substrates. The experiment on the attachment, germination and growth of the fertilized eggs of Sargassum vagi found that the effect of the brown rope seedling was the best, while the plank was the most serious in the later period of the nursery. 10 days after the spraying of fertilized eggs, the emergence rates of 3 kinds of attachment were 85.5%, 80.2%, 91., respectively. 3%, the seedlings were brown needle like. The average seedling density of three kinds of attachment groups was higher and stable in the first 20 days of 1.3mm.. The seedling density of the plank was the highest, reaching 8.2 /cm2, and the difference was significant (P0.05) with the other groups (P0.05), but the seedling growth was slow, the average specific growth rate was only 5.5%. D-1. thirtieth days, the seedling appeared obvious branch and growth rate increased. At the 1.6 times of the first 20 days, the seedling height of the brown shade was the largest, and the difference was significant with the other two groups (P0.05), but the seedling density of the 3 kinds of attachment groups were obviously reduced, the survival rate of the seedlings was 83.6%, the density of the brown rope and the average plant height of the 79.7% and the sixtieth days were the largest, and the difference was significant (P0.05) with the other groups. After 4 weeks, the average plant height of 98.7mm and 103.1mm was 1.5 times more than that of the control group, but the brown rope was very serious. The algae reef is more suitable for the large-scale aquaculture in the sea area. It is an ideal material for the restoration and reconstruction of the algae field. The result is the scale culture and the algae field of the alga marsara. The construction provided technical support and theoretical basis for the scale culture and ecological restoration of Marco marsara in wolfberry Island,.3.. The scale culture and its effect on water environmental factors were studied. The results showed that the optimum water depth was 1.5m~2.5m and the optimum depth was the relative growth of 2M. algae in the spring and Autumn Period. Fast, summer began to decline, the highest specific growth rate of culture and wild algae appeared in May 2014, up to 6.8%. D-1,5.9%. D-1 respectively. The growth of cultured algae grew faster than the wild algae, and matured in advance. Compared with the other stations in 2014, the mass concentration of IP, TN, TP, COD and Ch-a decreased significantly (P0.0) compared with 2013 (P0.0). 5), the overall position of the two sides was low in the high school station, and the mass concentration and transparency (SD) of DO increased significantly (P0.05), of which the mass concentration of COD and Ch-a decreased by 18.75% and 43.51% respectively, and the latter was only 1.55 mu g. L-1; DO mass concentration and transparency (SD) increased by 4.52% and 8.09%, compared with 2011 in the back bay of wolfberry island. The density and plant height of the algae field increased significantly, the area of the algae field increased from 1500 square meters to 7500 square meters. It is obvious that the water quality of the sea area is obviously improved after mariculture of marsara valson, and the algae field of marsara valsson has been restored. The theoretical basis.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S963.21;X171.4

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