芡实对富营养化水体的生态修复研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 16:25

【摘要】：水是人类社会生产、生活密不可分的重要资源,是社会发展、生活继续、生产经营的宝贵物质与财富。然而,近几年水资源情况来看,我国的淡水资源呈现逐渐短缺的态势,加之存在的社会因素,使得水体的富营养化问题变得日益严重。近年来,人们逐渐的利用水生植物来对水体进行净化处理,但伴随植物的生长,其问题也显现出来,在植物进入衰亡期后,植物腐烂物质分解产生营养元素,易造成水体的二次污染。然而,也有学者指出,在秋冬季,植物腐烂不会对水质产生太大影响,反而会改善水体内氮磷元素的循环过程,避免水体的进一步恶化。本试验将以芡实作为研究对象,设定四个浓度梯度的富营养化等级,另设一组无芡实的对照组,历时芡实的整个生命周期及腐烂之后,研究其对水体净化的能力、芡实腐烂后对水体水质带来的变化以及底泥中营养元素的迁移转化。研究结果表明:⑴不同等级的富营养水体对芡实叶片SPAD值的变化研究。通过对不同等级富营养状态下芡实叶片SPAD值的测定,各级富营养水体中芡实的叶片SPAD值变化不大,不同的营养物质浓度不会影响芡实的正常生长。⑵芡实对不同等级富营养化水体净化效果研究。在不同等级富营养化水体中,芡实对水体内的各营养物质(总氮、硝态氮、氨氮、总磷)都有明显的净化效果。总体来看,总氮去除效果表现为:2#3#1#空白组,去除率分别是92.84%、91.71%、87.44%和77.46%;硝态氮去除效果依次为3#2#1#空白组,去除率分别为:89.95%、89.03%、87.89%、85.17%;氨氮去除效果依次为:3#2#1#空白,去除率分别为:99.56%、99.51%、99.04%、69.84%。总磷去除效果依次为:2#3#1#空白组,去除率分别为87.3%、82.9%、76.7%和64.6%。⑶芡实腐烂物对水质影响。芡实的腐烂分解,致使氮磷营养元素浓度增加,但随着腐烂物的慢慢减少,其水质影响会逐渐变小,具体表现为总氮浓度会略低于腐烂之初的水体浓度,但磷表现相反,略高,对照组浓度始终低于芡实组。⑷芡实生命周期底泥营养物质变化研究。在水质净化期间,1#水样水体中的总氮浓度呈现先升高逐渐下降再升高,随后下降的趋势,试验结束后,底泥中的氮含量低于初始值,且低于无芡实对照组。芡实在整个期间内的变化表示,即使芡实腐烂,最终的底泥氮含量依然低于起始值。而底泥中总磷的浓度呈现先下降后略微上升又下降的趋势,直至腐烂分解后的12月,底泥中磷含量最高,达到0.33g/kg,比原始磷含量的0.25g/kg高出32%。
[Abstract]:Water is an important resource for human society to produce and live inextricably. It is also a valuable material and wealth for social development, living, production and management. However, in recent years, the situation of water resources in China is gradually short of fresh water resources, coupled with the existing social factors, the eutrophication of water becomes more and more serious. In recent years, people gradually use aquatic plants to purify the water body, but with the growth of plants, its problems also appear. After the plant enters the decay period, the decomposition of plant decomposes to produce nutrient elements. It is easy to cause secondary pollution of water. However, some scholars point out that in autumn and winter, plant decay will not have too much effect on water quality, but will improve the circulation process of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in water, and avoid the further deterioration of water body. In this experiment, the eutrophication grade of four concentration gradients was set up, and a control group without Euryale seed was set up. After the whole life cycle and decay of Euryale seed, the ability of purifying water was studied. The changes of water quality and the transport and transformation of nutrient elements in sediment caused by rotting of Euryale cornale. The results showed that the change of SPAD value of Euryale Euryale leaves was studied with different levels of eutrophication water at 1: 1. The SPAD values of the leaves of Euryale Euryale under different levels of eutrophication were determined. The SPAD values of the leaves of Euryale Euryale in different levels of eutrophic water had little change. The effect of nutrient concentration on purification of eutrophication water was studied. In different levels of eutrophication water, Euryale Euryale has obvious purification effect on all nutrients (total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus) in water body. As a whole, the removal effect of total nitrogen was 92.84% and 77.46% respectively in the control group of #1# 3 #1# with the removal rate of 92.84% and 77.46% respectively; the removal effect of nitrate nitrogen was in turn the blank group of #2#1# with the removal rate of 87.8985.175.The removal rate of nitrogen was 87.8985.175.The removal effect of ammonia nitrogen was respectively 99.5699.51and 99.049.04m for the #1# #1# blank group, and the removal rate was 99.5699.51and 99.049.04. The removal rate of total phosphorus was 87.3% and 64.6.3% respectively in #3#1# control group, and the removal rate was 87.3% and 64.6.3% respectively. The decomposition of Euryale cornale resulted in the increase of nutrient concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus, but with the decreasing of the rotting matter, the water quality effect will gradually become smaller. The specific manifestation is that the total nitrogen concentration will be slightly lower than the water concentration at the beginning of decomposition, but the phosphorus concentration will be opposite and slightly higher. The concentration of nutrient in the control group was always lower than that in the control group. During the period of water purification, the concentration of total nitrogen in the water samples first increased and then decreased, and then decreased. After the experiment, the nitrogen content in the sediment was lower than the initial value and lower than that in the control group without Euryale. The change of the seed during the whole period indicates that the final nitrogen content of the sediment is still lower than the initial value even though it is rotten. The concentration of total phosphorus in sediment decreased first, then increased slightly and then decreased, until 12 months after decomposing, the content of phosphorus in sediment was the highest, reaching 0.33 g / kg, which was 32% higher than the original phosphorus content of 0.25g/kg.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X171.4

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