呼和浩特市地表水水环境容量核算研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 11:16

【摘要】：随着呼和浩特市地区社会经济发展和城市化进程的加快,工农业、生活用水量和废污水排放量不断增加,部分流域水体污染问题突出,水环境保护压力沉重,水质型缺水问题日益凸显,种种问题已成为严重制约社会经济可持续发展和影响人民身体健康的重要因素。科学的估算水环境容量不仅可为区域项目环评和环境基础设施建设提供参考数据,为地区产业结构调整和优化布局提供环境支持,还可以为流域上下游间实施污染物排放总量控制、排污许可证制度和排污权交易等现代环境管理制度提供重要的科学依据。本文结合呼和浩特市境内近年来水体水质监测数据及2010年污染源普查动态更新数据,分析主要水污染物排放现状和总量控制现状；评估区域水环境现状和水环境功能区达标情况；结合水功能区水文水资源情况,获得工业、生活点源和农业、畜禽养殖业面源污染源分布及对应到水环境功能区的排污量,依据水功能区水质目标和计算水文条件下水功能区设计流量(流速)及功能区长度等特征资料,以行政区边界为依据,划分计算单元不跨越行政区,应用一维水质模型分析计算水环境功能区水体的水环境容量,进而得到呼和浩特市行政区剩余水环境容量。计算结果表面,呼和浩特市行政区内的化学需氧量和氨氮环境容量分别为7902吨和237吨,但由于呼和浩特市总化学需氧量和氨氮入河量分别为8420吨和508吨,因此剩余环境容量均已超载,化学需氧量剩余容量超载量为518吨；氨氮剩余容量超载量为271吨。计算结果对于实现呼和浩特市从浓度总量控制向容量总量控制的转变,统筹产业集群科学分工,推进城市的可持续发展和区域水环境质量保护具有积极的意义。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of social and economic development and urbanization in Hohhot, the amount of water used in industry and agriculture, domestic water consumption and waste water discharge are increasing, and the water pollution problem is prominent in some watersheds, and the pressure of water environment protection is heavy. The problem of water quality and water shortage is becoming more and more prominent, which has become an important factor that restricts the sustainable development of social economy and affects the health of people. Scientific estimation of water environmental capacity can not only provide reference data for regional environmental impact assessment and environmental infrastructure construction, but also provide environmental support for the adjustment of regional industrial structure and optimization of layout. It can also provide important scientific basis for the implementation of total pollutant emission control, emission permit system, emission trading and other modern environmental management systems between the upper and lower reaches of the river basin. Based on the monitoring data of water quality in Hohhot city in recent years and the dynamic update data of pollution source survey in 2010, the present situation of discharge and total quantity control of main water pollutants are analyzed in this paper. To assess the current situation of regional water environment and the status of water environment functional areas to meet the standards; to obtain the distribution of non-point source pollution sources of industry, daily life, agriculture, livestock and poultry breeding and the amount of sewage corresponding to the functional areas of water environment in combination with the hydrological and water resources situation of water function areas, According to the characteristic data of water quality target and hydrological conditions, such as design discharge (velocity) and length of water function area, and based on the boundary of administrative region, the calculation unit is not divided across the administrative region. Using one-dimensional water quality model, the water environmental capacity of the water body in the water environment functional area is analyzed and calculated, and the residual water environmental capacity of the Hohhot administrative region is obtained. On the surface of the calculated results, the environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen in Hohhot administrative region are 7902 tons and 237 tons respectively, but the total chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen flow into the river of Hohhot are 8420 tons and 508 tons respectively. Therefore, the residual environmental capacity has been overloaded, the residual capacity of chemical oxygen demand is 518 tons, and the residual capacity of ammonia nitrogen is 271 tons. The calculation results have positive significance for realizing the transformation from total concentration control to capacity total control, coordinating the scientific division of labor among industrial clusters, and promoting the sustainable development of the city and the protection of regional water environment quality in Hohhot.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X143;X26

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