废旧汽车发电机自动化拆解装置开发

发布时间：2018-08-11 08:40

【摘要】：近年来,随着汽车工业的迅速发展,国内报废汽车的总量不断增加,报废汽车被喻为“城市矿产”,具有巨大的环境、经济和资源价值。发电机作为汽车的必备功能单元,随着汽车的报废也走到了其生命周期的末端,而再制造使得这些数量庞大的废旧发电机能够被循环利用。再制造的首要任务是拆解,我国的废旧汽车拆解尚处于起步阶段,存在拆解工具落后,方式粗暴等突出问题,与西方发达国家所达到的拆解机械化、产业化的水平存在较大差距,面对数量激增的废旧汽车发电机,传统的人工拆解已远远无法满足要求,使得汽车发电机的再制造面临着严峻的考验,自动化拆解工具的引入显得必要且迫切。基于以上背景,本文提出将自动化工具应用于废旧汽车发电机的拆解过程,融合机械学理论和机电控制原理开发废旧汽车发电机自动化拆解装置,将在提高废旧汽车发电机拆解效率和降低工人劳动强度方面具有重要的意义。首先,在查阅大量相关文献,并与废旧汽车拆解企业和汽车发电机生产企业深入交流的基础上,提出了自动化拆解方案并确定了具体流程,拟通过多个工位,多个拆解机械手的协同配合实现对发电机的自动化拆解。然后,根据总体方案要求对拆解装置进行了分功能模块开发,包括发电机转位多工位回转台、发电机组合夹具、中心距可调的双轴联接螺栓拆卸装置、带轮紧固螺母拆卸装置、带轮拉卸装置、用于前后端盖解体的直推式气动分离装置、拆解件电磁辅助回收装置以及拆解工具行走机构等关键零部件开发,并根据实际工况对关键零部件进行了计算校核和选型。进一步,利用ANSYS对拆解装置关键零部件,如花键旋松轴、行星架等进行了极限载荷下的静力学分析,验证零部件开发的可靠性。最后,通过UG建立了拆解装置的三维模型,对整个系统进行了模拟装配并仿真分析了拆解过程。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of automobile industry, the total number of abandoned cars in China has been increasing continuously. Scrap cars are described as "urban minerals", which have great environmental, economic and resource value. As the essential function unit of automobile, the generator goes to the end of its life cycle with the scrapping of automobile, and the remanufacture makes the large number of waste generators can be recycled. The first task of remanufacturing is to dismantle. The dismantling of used and used cars in our country is still in its infancy, and there are some outstanding problems, such as backward disassembly tools and rough methods, which are similar to the dismantling mechanization achieved by the developed countries in the West. There is a big gap in the level of industrialization. In the face of the rapid increase in the number of scrap motor generators, the traditional manual dismantling is far from meeting the requirements, which makes the remanufacture of automobile generators face a severe test. The introduction of automatic disassembly tools is necessary and urgent. Based on the above background, this paper puts forward the application of automation tools to the disassembly process of used automobile generators, and combines mechanical theory and electromechanical control principle to develop the automatic disassembly device of waste automobile generators. It will be of great significance in improving the dismantling efficiency of used automobile generators and reducing the labor intensity of workers. First of all, on the basis of consulting a large number of relevant documents, and exchanging deeply with scrap automobile disassembly enterprises and automobile generator manufacturing enterprises, this paper puts forward the automatic dismantling scheme and determines the specific process, which is to pass through many stations. The automatic disassembly of generators is realized by the cooperation of multiple disassembly manipulators. Then, according to the requirements of the overall scheme, the disassembly device has been developed into sub-functional modules, including the multi-position rotary table of the generator, the combined fixture of the generator, the disassembly device of the two-axis connection bolt with adjustable center distance, the disassembly device of the fastening nut with the wheel, The pulley pulling and unloading device is used for the development of the key parts, such as the straight-push pneumatic separation device for the disassembly of the front and rear end cover, the electromagnetic auxiliary recovery device for the disassembly parts and the walking mechanism for the disassembly tool, etc. According to the actual working conditions, the key parts are calculated, checked and selected. Furthermore, the statics analysis of the key parts of the disassembly device, such as spline loose axis, planetary frame and so on, under the limit load is carried out by using ANSYS to verify the reliability of the development of the parts. Finally, the 3D model of the disassembly device is established by UG, and the whole system is simulated and the disassembly process is simulated.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X734.2

【参考文献】