秋茄（Kandelia candle）和桐花（Aegiceras corniculatum）对柴油污染修复的研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 15:45

【摘要】：红树林是生长在热带、亚热带海岸潮间带,以红树植物为主体的常绿灌木或常绿乔木组成的潮滩湿地木本生物群落,其生存环境受周期性潮水浸淹。随着沿海工业的发展,近岸柴油污染愈发严重。红树植物对柴油污染修复的研究已经成为国内外的关注的热点。本研究以红树植物秋茄(Kandelia candle)和桐花(Aegiceras corniculatum)为例,通过四个室内盆栽实验分别来探究氮、磷、基质与两种红树植物柴油污染耐性、柴油污染修复效果之间的关系以及比较秋茄和桐花对柴油污染的耐受性和修复效果。实验一,采用温室沙培4个月,研究了在不同氮营养水平条件下红树植物秋茄(K.candle)和桐花(A.corniculatum)对柴油污染的修复作用,并探讨了氮营养对秋茄和桐花在柴油污染暴露情况下的生长影响,以及对柴油污染去除效果的影响。结果表明,增加氮营养水平可以促进红树植物茎的增高、以及根、茎、叶三部分的生物量的积累,提高对柴油污染的耐受性。在各种污染水平下,柴油中总石油烃的去除率在秋茄和桐花的根际区则高达90%以上。相同污染水平下,增加氮营养水平,可有效促进秋茄和桐花根际对柴油的生物去除效率。本研究将为用于修复柴油污染的红树林人工湿地的构建提供氮营养条件选择方面的科学依据。实验二,采用温室沙培4个月,研究了在不同磷营养水平条件下红树植物秋茄(K.candle)和桐花(A.corniculatum)对柴油污染的修复作用,并探讨了磷营养对秋茄和桐花在柴油污染暴露情况下的生长影响,以及对柴油污染去除效果的影响。结果表明,增加磷营养水平不能够促进红树植物茎的增高、以及根、茎、两部分的生物量的积累,不能提高对柴油污染的耐受性。在各种污染水平下,柴油中总石油烃的去除率在秋茄和桐花的根际区则高达91%以上。相同污染水平下,增加磷营养水平,可有效促进秋茄和桐花根际对柴油的生物去除效率。本研究将为用于修复柴油污染的红树林人工湿地的构建提供磷营养条件选择方面的科学依据。实验三,采用温室培养3个月,研究了在不同基质条件下红树植物秋茄(K.candle)和桐花(A.corniculatum)对柴油污染的修复作用,并探讨了基质对秋茄和桐花在柴油污染暴露情况下的生长影响,以及对柴油污染去除效果的影响。结果表明,基质中的淤泥能够促进红树植物茎的增高、以及根、茎、叶三部分的生物量的积累,提高对柴油污染的耐受性。秋茄和桐花的生长指标和生物量分别在全淤泥和75%淤泥基质条件下达到最大值。相同污染水平下,秋茄和桐花分别在基质淤泥含量为75%和50%的条件下对柴油的生物去除率达到最大。本研究将为用于修复柴油污染的红树林人工湿地的构建提供基质选择方面的科学依据。实验四,采用温室沙培4个月,比较了在不同柴油污染处理条件下红树植物秋茄(K.candle)和桐花(A.corniculatum)的生长状况,并探究了对柴油污染的修复作用结果表明,柴油污染对红树植物秋茄和桐花的生长具抑制作用,柴油浓度越高抑制越明显。红树植物桐花对柴油污染的耐受性更好。在各种污染水平下,柴油中总石油烃在非根际区去除率为76%-79%,在秋茄和桐花的根际区则高达92%以上。相同污染水平下,秋茄根际柴油的生物去除率大于桐花。本研究将为用于修复柴油污染的红树林人工湿地的构建提供物种选择方面的科学依据。
[Abstract]:Mangrove is a woody community in tidal flat wetland, which grows in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical coasts and consists of evergreen shrubs or evergreen trees. Its living environment is flooded by periodic tidal water. With the development of coastal industry, offshore diesel oil pollution is becoming more and more serious. In this study, Kandelia candle and Aegiceras corniculatum were used as examples to study the relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus, substrate and diesel oil pollution tolerance, diesel oil pollution remediation effect and the comparison of diesel oil pollution between Kandelia candle and Aegiceras corniculatum. Experiments 1. Using sand culture in greenhouse for 4 months, the remediation effects of mangrove plants K. candle and A. corniculatum on diesel oil pollution under different nitrogen nutrition levels were studied, and the effects of nitrogen nutrition on the growth of autumn eggplant and Tung flower and the removal of diesel oil pollution were discussed. The results showed that the increase of nitrogen nutrition level could promote the increase of mangrove stem, the accumulation of biomass in root, stem and leaf, and improve the tolerance to diesel oil pollution. This study will provide a scientific basis for the selection of nitrogen nutrition conditions for the construction of mangrove constructed wetlands for remediation of diesel oil pollution. Experiment 2, mangroves were cultivated in greenhouse for 4 months under different phosphorus nutrition conditions. The remediation effects of K. candle and A. corniculatum on diesel oil pollution were studied. The effects of phosphorus nutrition on the growth of K. candle and A. corniculatum under diesel oil pollution exposure and the removal effect of diesel oil pollution were also discussed. The removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons in diesel oil was above 91% in the rhizosphere of autumn eggplant and Tung Blossom under various pollution levels. Increasing phosphorus nutrition level could effectively promote the bio-removal efficiency of diesel oil in the rhizosphere of autumn eggplant and Tung Blossom under the same pollution level. In order to provide scientific basis for phosphorus nutrient condition selection in the construction of Mangrove Constructed Wetland for remediation of diesel oil pollution, Experiment 3 was conducted in greenhouse for 3 months to study the remediation effects of mangrove plants K. candle and A. corniculatum on diesel oil pollution under different substrate conditions, and the effects of substrate on autumn eggplant and Tung flower were also discussed. The results showed that the sludge in the substrate could promote the growth of mangrove stem and the accumulation of biomass of root, stem and leaf, and improve the tolerance to diesel oil pollution. Under the same pollution level, the bio-removal rate of diesel oil by autumn eggplant and Tonghua was the highest under the condition of 75% and 50% of the substrate silt respectively. This study will provide scientific basis for the construction of Mangrove Constructed Wetland for remediation of diesel oil pollution. The growth of mangrove plants K. candle and A. corniculatum were compared under different diesel pollution treatments in sand culture for 4 months in greenhouse. The results showed that diesel oil pollution could inhibit the growth of mangrove plants K. candle and A. corniculatum, and the higher the diesel concentration, the more obvious the inhibition. The removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons in diesel oil was 76% - 79% in the non-rhizosphere and 92% in the rhizosphere of autumn eggplant and Tung flower under various pollution levels. The construction of industrial wetlands provides a scientific basis for species selection.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X173

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