改进型化粪池和滴滤池工艺处理猪场污水参数探究

发布时间：2018-08-19 16:31

【摘要】：近年来随着生猪养殖栏数的不断增加,养猪场污染物产生量大幅增长,养猪场特别是小型分散式养猪场造成的环境污染已成为生猪养殖业发展必须面对的现实问题。小型分散规模化的养猪场污染物排放量大,处理水平低下,且污染源点多、面广、治理难度大。因此因地制宜研究此类养猪场的污水处理技术成为解决当地污染问题的关键。本文采用了 IST和TF工艺处理养猪场废水,以期获得最佳的工程运行参数,所谓IST和TF工艺即化粪池和滴滤池工艺,为工程实施运行提供设计依据和稳定的运行工况条件。本实验主要的研究内容和结果如下:(1)设计在COD浓度约为12000mg/L、HRT=5d、3d、2d条件下,普通、倒置、加填料三种不同类型的化粪池的处理效果。结果表明,不同类型的化粪池和不同水力停留时间对COD、总氮、总磷、SS的去除率都有很大的影响。(2)普通化粪池对总氮有最佳去除效果,在HRT=5d条件下COD、总氮、总磷和SS去除率分别为92.73%、32.36%、77.55%和81.28%;在HRT=3d条件下去除率分别为 81.6%、83.2%、50.8%和 73.8%;在 HRT=2d 条件下去除率分别为 68.64%、73.02%、63.18%和 57.47%。(3)倒置化粪池对COD、总氮、总磷和SS的处理效果低于其他两类化粪池,在HRT=5d条件下COD、总氮、总磷和SS去除率分别为93.09%、40.41%、82%和80.84%;在HRT=3d条件下去除率分别为86.2%、78.6%、60.2%和75.8%;在HRT=2d条件下去除率分别为 69.44%、67.07%、80.33%和 65.43%。(4)YDT填料化粪池对COD、总磷和SS有最佳去除效果,在HRT=5d条件下COD、总氮、总磷和 SS 去除率分别为 94.23%、41.61%、83.17%和 81.61%;在 HRT=3d条件下去除率分别为85.4%、80.6%、60.2%和73%;在HRT=2d条件下去除率分别为81.66%、69.56%、91.37%和 73.08%。(5)在HRT=5d条件下三类化粪池对四类污染指标去除有明显优势,远远高于HRT=3d和HRT=2d条件,普通化粪池、倒置化粪池和YDT填料化粪池对COD的去除率分别为92.73%、93.09%和94.23%;对总氮去除率分别为32.36%、40.41%和41.61%;对总磷的去除率分别为77.55%、82%和83.17%;对SS去除率分别为81.28%、80.84%和81.61%。按照去除率计算在HRT=5d条件下加入填料的化粪池COD、总氮、总磷、SS都有最高值。实验结果表明在HRT=5d加入填料的化粪池出水污染物浓度最低,但需要注意化粪池内的污泥堆积,及时排泥,否则极易发生酸化现象。(6)设计每日总进水50L,COD浓度约为1200 mg/L条件下,研究毛刷、沸石、火山岩三种填料的滴滤池对低浓度废水中COD、TN、TP、氨氮的去除效果。结果表明:在温度约为0～5℃条件下,毛刷、沸石、火山岩填料滴滤池对COD的去除率分别为27.8%、81%、76.2%;对总氮的去除率分别为:3%、-2.2%、0.4%;总磷的去除率分别为:24.4%、52.6%、43.8%;氨氮的去除率分别为:17.2%、65.2%、63.4%。综合考虑,沸石在0～5℃条件下处理效果最为优秀。但低温条件下总氮的去除急剧下降,填料中的总氮有析出现象发生。(7)温度对滴滤池运行效果的影响较大,在10～25℃火山岩有最高去除率,COD、总氮、总磷、氨氮分别为:84.28%、51.21%、56.50%、88.29%;在0～15℃最高去除率的沸石填料只有81.0%、-2.2%、52.6%、65.2%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous increase of the number of pig farms, the amount of pollutants produced by pig farms has greatly increased. The environmental pollution caused by pig farms, especially small-scale dispersed pig farms, has become a practical problem that pig farms must face. Therefore, it is very difficult to study the sewage treatment technology of this kind of pig farm to solve the local pollution problem. IST and TF process are used to treat pig farm wastewater in order to obtain the best engineering operation parameters. The so-called IST and TF process, namely septic tank and trickling filter process, are provided for the implementation of the project. The main research contents and results of this experiment are as follows: (1) The treatment effects of three different types of septic tanks with ordinary, inverted and filling were designed under the conditions of COD concentration of 12 000 mg/L, HRT = 5 d, 3 D and 2 d. The results showed that different types of septic tanks and different hydraulic retention time had different treatment effects on COD, total nitrogen and total nitrogen. The removal rates of COD, TN, TP and SS were 92.73%, 32.36%, 77.55% and 81.28% respectively under HRT = 5 d, 81.6%, 83.2%, 50.8% and 73.8% respectively under HRT = 3 d, and 68.64%, 73.02% and 63.18% under HRT = 2 d, respectively. (3) The removal rates of COD, TN, TP and S S were 93.09%, 40.41%, 82% and 80.84% under HRT = 5 d, 86.2%, 78.6%, 60.2% and 75.8% under HRT = 3 d, 69.44%, 67.07%, 80.07% and 80.84% under HRT = 2 d, respectively. The removal rates of COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and S S were 94.23%, 41.61%, 83.17% and 81.61% respectively under HRT = 5 d, 85.4%, 80.6%, 60.2% and 73% respectively under HRT = 3 d, and 81.66%, 69.56%, 91.37% and 73.08% (5) under HRT = 2 d. Under the condition of HRT=5 d, the removal rates of COD by three types of septic tanks were 92.73%, 93.09% and 94.23% respectively, and the removal rates of total nitrogen were 32.36%, 40.41% and 41.61% respectively. The removal rates of total phosphorus were 77.55% and 77.55% respectively. The removal rates of SS, COD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and SS were 81.28%, 80.84% and 81.61% respectively. (6) The removal efficiency of COD, TN, TP and ammonia nitrogen in low concentration wastewater by trickling filters with bristle, zeolite and volcanic rock fillers was studied under the condition of 50L daily total influent and 1200 mg/L COD concentration. The removal rates of total nitrogen were 3%, - 2.2%, - 0.4%. The removal rates of total phosphorus were 24.4%, 52.6% and 43.8% respectively. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen were 17.2%, 65.2% and 63.4% respectively. Elephant occurrence. (7) Temperature has a great influence on the operation of the trickling filter. The highest removal rates of COD, TN, TP and NH3-N are 84.28%, 51.21%, 56.50% and 88.29% respectively at 10-25 C. The highest removal rates of zeolite fillers at 0-15 C are 81.0%, - 2.2%, 52.6% and 65.2%.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X713

【参考文献】