基于SWAT的汾河运城段非点源污染模拟与研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 14:12

【摘要】：【目的】对汾河运城段非点源污染进行模拟与分析,为该流域非点源污染控制提供依据。【方法】构建汾河运城段的非点源污染SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool)模型,根据河津水文站2005-2010年的实测逐月径流、泥沙和水质数据对模型进行率定和验证,并利用率定好的模型对研究区域的非点源污染进行模拟研究与分析。【结果】建立了包括土壤侵蚀、水文过程和污染负荷子模型的汾河运城段非点源污染模型,该模型对研究区域的适应性较好,可用于流域非点源污染的模拟研究;对非点源污染负荷时间分布规律的分析表明,研究区域各水文年的非点源污染负荷为丰水年平水年枯水年,而且发生在汛期(7-10月)的TN、TP流失量分别在60%和70%以上;对非点源污染空间分布特征的分析发现,研究区域内污染的关键区域主要为万荣与新绛县部分子流域,该部分区域降雨量、土壤侵蚀性均较大,并且坡度也相较其他区域大,因而产沙量相对较大,再加上农业活动的影响最终导致非点源污染相对较大,由此可见控制非点源负荷产出的关键在于减少流域的水土流失;对研究区域内TN、TP各类污染源贡献率进行分析可知,研究区域的非点源TN、TP负荷中分别有46.3%和53.5%为土壤养分流失所产生。【结论】汾河运城段非点源污染的控制重点在汛期(7-10月),采取相应措施减少水土流失、降低土壤养分流失、减少农业用肥量可以有效地控制研究区域的非点源污染。
[Abstract]:[objective] to simulate and analyze the non-point source pollution in Yuncheng section of Fenhe River, so as to provide the basis for the control of non-point source pollution. [methods] the SWAT (Soil and water assessment tool) model of non-point source pollution in Yuncheng section of Fenhe River was constructed. According to the measured monthly runoff, sediment and water quality data from 2005 to 2010 at Hejin Hydrological Station, the model was determined and verified. The non-point source pollution model including soil erosion, hydrological process and pollution load sub-model was established, and the non-point source pollution model of Yuncheng section of Fenhe River was established, which included soil erosion, hydrological process and pollution load sub-model. The model has a good adaptability to the study area and can be used to simulate the non-point source pollution in the watershed, and the analysis of the time distribution of the non-point source pollution load shows that, The non-point source pollution load of each hydrological year in the study area is the dry year in the high water year, and the loss of TNT in flood season (July-October) is more than 60% and 70%, respectively, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the non-point source pollution are analyzed. The key areas of pollution in the study area are mainly the Jiangzi River Basin of Wanrong and Xinxian County. The rainfall and soil erosion in this part of the region are larger, and the slope is larger than that in other regions, so the sediment yield is relatively large. In addition, the impact of agricultural activities eventually leads to relatively large non-point source pollution, so the key to control the output of non-point source load is to reduce soil and water loss in the basin, and the contribution rate of various sources of TNT pollution in the study area is analyzed. In the study area, 46.3% and 53.5% of the non-point source TNTP load were caused by soil nutrient loss respectively. [conclusion] the control of non-point source pollution in Yuncheng section of Fenhe River is focused on flood season (July-October), and corresponding measures are taken to reduce soil erosion and soil nutrient loss. Reducing the amount of fertilizer used in agriculture can effectively control the non-point source pollution in the study area.
【作者单位】：西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地;山西水利职业技术学院;
【基金】：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20126118110015) 陕西省科技统筹创新工程重点项目(2013SZS02-Z01) 山西省水利技术研究项目(2013年)
【分类号】：X522

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