长沙市主城区与城郊大气污染物时空分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 08:51

【摘要】：大气环境是人类赖以生存的重要环境,随着工业的发展、城市化的加速,大气环境污染问题越发突出。长沙市作为长株潭城市群的核心,在取得巨大经济进步的同时,其大气环境也受到一定程度的污染,对长沙市的大气污染进行研究将具有重要的现实意义。本文以长沙市主城区及城郊乔口镇的大气环境为对象,对长沙市主城区与城郊大气污染物的时空分布特征进行研究,主要的研究结果如下:(1)长沙市主城区大气环境质量在冬季最差,夏季最佳,且全年以PM2.5污染最重,其次为PM10污染,在冬春秋三季还有一定的NO2污染;此外,主城区的PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO浓度均为冬季高夏季低,且白天各污染物的浓度均小于夜间,而O3浓度的时间变化与PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO浓度的时间变化正好相反。长沙市主城区与城郊的PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、O3、CO浓度及大气环境质量的时间变化的对比分析表明,城郊各污染物浓度及大气环境质量在一周内均无明显变化,而主城区变化明显,且主城区周末各污染物的浓度小于工作日,大气环境质量优于工作日。(2)长沙市主城区大气环境质量自西南向东北逐渐转好,整体上北部开福区的PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO浓度较低,O3浓度较高;芙蓉区的PM10、NO2、CO浓度较高,O3浓度较低;岳麓区的PM2.5、SO2浓度较高。城郊NO2、O3、SO2、CO浓度均自东向西逐渐降低,大气环境质量则自东向西逐渐转好。(3)长沙市主城区大气污染物浓度的相关性分析表明,颗粒物浓度间,颗粒物与NO2、SO2、CO浓度间,CO与SO2、NO2浓度间及NO2与SO2浓度间均存在显著的线性正相关性,O3与CO、NO2浓度间均存在显著的线性负相关性;而颗粒物与O3浓度除冬季存在显著的线性负相关性,其余各季均无相关性;O3与SO2浓度在夏冬两季有显著的线性负相关性,在春秋两季无相关性。此外,颗粒物浓度间的相关性最大;颗粒物与气态污染物浓度间,颗粒物与NO2浓度间的相关性较大,颗粒物与O3浓度间的相关性较小;各气态污染物浓度间,NO2与O3浓度间的相关性最大,其次为CO与NO2浓度间的相关性,SO2与O3相关性最小。
[Abstract]:Atmospheric environment is an important environment for human survival. With the development of industry and the acceleration of urbanization, the problem of atmospheric environment pollution becomes more and more prominent. As the core of Changsha Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration, the atmospheric environment of Changsha City has been polluted to a certain extent while it has made great economic progress. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the atmospheric pollution in Changsha City. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants in the main urban area of Changsha and Qiaokou town in the suburbs of Changsha are studied. The main results are as follows: (1) the quality of atmospheric environment in the main urban area of Changsha is the worst in winter and the best in summer, and the pollution of PM2.5 is the most serious in the whole year, followed by the pollution of PM10, and the pollution of NO2 in winter, spring and autumn. The concentration of PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2,CO in the main urban area was higher in winter and lower in summer, and the concentration of each pollutant in daytime was lower than that in night. However, the time variation of O3 concentration was opposite to that of PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2,CO concentration. The comparison and analysis of PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2,O3,CO concentration and atmospheric environmental quality between the main urban area and suburb of Changsha City showed that the concentration of pollutants and the quality of atmospheric environment in the suburbs did not change significantly within one week, but the change of the main urban area was obvious. The concentration of pollutants in the main urban area is less than the working day and the atmospheric environmental quality is better than that of the working day. (2) the atmospheric environmental quality of the main urban area of Changsha has gradually improved from the southwest to the northeast, and the concentration of PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2,CO in Kaifu district in the north is lower than that in the whole area. The concentration of PM10,NO2,CO in Furong district was higher than that in Yuelu district, and the concentration of PM2.5,SO2 in Yuelu district was higher. The concentration of NO2,O3,SO2,CO in suburb gradually decreased from east to west, and the quality of atmospheric environment gradually improved from east to west. (3) the correlation analysis of concentration of atmospheric pollutants in main urban area of Changsha City showed that the concentration of particulate matter was different. There was a significant linear and negative correlation between CO and SO2,NO2 concentration between particulate matter and NO2,SO2,CO concentration, and between NO2 and SO2 concentration, and there was a significant linear negative correlation between NO2 and CO,NO2 concentration, while there was a significant linear negative correlation between particulate matter concentration and O _ 3 concentration in winter, and between NO2 and SO2 concentration in winter. There was no significant linear negative correlation between SO2 concentration and O _ 3 concentration in other seasons, but there was no correlation in spring and autumn. In addition, the correlation between the concentration of particulate matter and gaseous pollutant was the greatest, the correlation between the concentration of particulate matter and the concentration of NO2 was greater, and the correlation between the concentration of particulate matter and the concentration of O3 was smaller than that between the concentration of particulate matter and the concentration of gaseous pollutant. The correlation between the concentrations of no _ 2 and O _ 3 was the greatest among the concentrations of gaseous pollutants, and the correlation between the concentrations of CO and NO2 was the lowest. The correlation between so _ 2 and O _ 3 was the lowest.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X51

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