面向梯度资源化的退役乘用车拆解方法研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 08:42

【摘要】：实现退役汽车的高效回收利用,既是保护环境的需要,更是实现资源综合利用、汽车工业经济可持续发展战略要求。要获得较高的回收利用率就必须提高退役汽车的资源化梯度等级,而实现退役汽车的绿色深度无损高效拆解是保持和提高退役汽车资源化梯度等级的前提条件。由于汽车结构复杂、零部件数量众多、连接形式多样,服役过程中的零部件失效以及差异化的退役条件都给拆解工作带来极大的不确定性。为解决此难题,本文提出了面向梯度资源化下退役汽车拆解方法和拆解方法优劣性模糊层次评价方法,并结合退役汽车整车及零部件拆解实例对该方法指导下的退役汽车拆解过程进行了评价和验证。具体包括以下四个方面的内容:通过分析退役汽车循环利用的内涵,提出了面向再使用、再制造、再循环、能量回收以及环保化处理的梯度资源化概念,通过对影响资源化梯度等级的因素进行分析,指出了不同循环利用方式对拆解方法和质量的基本要求,并结合退役汽车结构特点,分析了退役汽车拆解过程中解除不同连接约束的特点和要求。在对影响拆解方法的主要因素进行分析的基础上,从拆解工艺路线、方法、拆解场地布置及工具选择以及拆解过程中先进技术应用四个方面对退役汽车拆解方法进行了设计。基于模糊层次理论结合退役汽车拆解特点建立了以环境影响、资源化程度、拆解经济性为主要评价指标的退役汽车拆解方法资源环境经济贡献度评价方案。提出了整车拆解工艺设计原则,在此基础上对退役汽车整车拆解工艺进行了设计,包括整车拆解工位布置,各零部件拆解序列规划等,并结合对拆解设备与工具的选择建立了流水化汽车拆解生产线。通过退役汽车整车拆解试验与资源环境经济贡献度评价分析,其评价得分为0.7772,验证了退役汽车整车拆解方法的合理性。结合发动机结构特点及现阶段发动机再制造技术对退役汽车发动机进行了零部件资源化梯度划分,在此基础上从拆解工艺特点和拆解序列规划两个方面对梯度资源化下的退役汽车发动机拆解策略进行了研究,并进行了拆解试验与分析。本课题通过提出面向梯度资源化下的退役汽车拆解方法的研究为退役汽车拆解企业实现整车及零部件流水化拆解提供理论依据,填补了国内关于退役汽车拆解方法研究的空白,为退役汽车零部件无损、高效拆解技术研究提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:To achieve efficient recycling of retired vehicles is not only the need of environmental protection, but also the strategic requirement of comprehensive utilization of resources and sustainable economic development of automobile industry. Because of the complexity of automobile structure, the large number of components, the variety of connection forms, the failure of components in service and the different decommissioning conditions, the decommissioning work of high-grade retired automobiles is uncertain. The disassembly process of the decommissioned vehicle guided by the disassembly method and the disassembly method of the decommissioned vehicle and its parts is evaluated and verified by the fuzzy hierarchical evaluation method. The concept of gradient resourcefulness of manufacturing, recycling, energy recovery and environmental protection is introduced. Through the analysis of the factors affecting gradient grade of resourcefulness, the basic requirements of disassembly methods and quality for different recycling modes are pointed out. Combining with the structural characteristics of decommissioned automobiles, the disassembly process of decommissioned automobiles is analyzed. Based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the disassembly method, the disassembly method of decommissioned automobile is designed from four aspects: disassembly process route, method, disassembly site layout and tool selection, and advanced technology application in the disassembly process. Based on the environmental impact, resource utilization degree and disassembly economy as the main evaluation indexes, the evaluation scheme of resource environment and economic contribution degree of the disassembly method for retired automobiles is established. According to the disassembly test and the evaluation and analysis of the economic contribution of resources and environment, the evaluation score is 0.7772, which verifies the rationality of the disassembly method of the decommissioned vehicle. Based on the gradient division of spare parts for retired automobile engine by remanufacturing technology, the disassembly strategy of retired automobile engine with gradient resource is studied from the aspects of disassembly process characteristics and disassembly sequence planning, and the disassembly test and analysis are carried out. The research on the disassembly method of decommissioned automobiles provides a theoretical basis for the decommissioned automobile disassembly enterprises to realize the whole automobile and parts flow disassembly, fills the blank of domestic research on decommissioned automobiles disassembly method, and provides a new idea for the research on non-destructive and efficient disassembly technology of decommissioned automobile parts.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X734.2

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