西安郭杜镇10月臭氧、氮氧化物时空变化及污染防治
发布时间：2018-08-28 15:52
【摘要】：近地面作为人们生活栖息的主要空间,其大气质量的好坏直接影响人们的身体健康,因此,研究近地面臭氧及氮氧化物浓度变化显得日益重要。为了更好的认识西安市郭杜镇臭氧及氮氧化物浓度的变化规律,为大气污染防治提供科学依据,很有必要研究西安市的臭氧及氮氧化物浓度变化。本文于2014年10月利用便携式仪器对西安市郭杜镇陕西师范大学长安校区52m高度范围的臭氧和氮氧化物浓度及其气象要素进行了3个昼夜高分辨率的观测,研究了该区臭氧及氮氧化物浓度的时空变化及气象要素对两者浓度的变化的影响,得出以下主要结论：(1)通过对西安市郭杜镇2014年10月臭氧浓度3次昼夜变化观测,揭示出2014年10月臭氧浓度在1-52m高度范围内昼夜变化规律较为一致,呈单峰分布,均在14：00出现峰值,昼夜O3浓度变化较大。03浓度昼夜变化可分为三个阶段。第一阶段出现于0：00～8：00为臭氧浓度居中阶段。第二阶段为10：00～16：00,该时段为日臭氧浓度最高阶段。第三阶段为18：00～0：00,是臭氧浓度最低阶段。(2)西安市郭杜镇2014年10月氮氧化物浓度昼夜浓度变化均呈三个阶段变化。第一阶段出现于0：00～8：00,为浓度最低阶段。第二阶段为10：00～16：00,是浓度最高阶段。第三阶段为18：00至22：00,是为浓度居中阶段。(3)西安市郭杜镇2014年10月臭氧浓度垂向变化可分为两类型。第一种类型出现在8：00-18：00,主要特点是臭氧浓度在1-10m高度范围内随高度增加呈增加趋势。13-22m高度范围内随高度增加臭氧浓度呈减少趋势,而25-52m高度范围内随高度增加臭氧浓度表现出增加的趋势。第二种类型出现在20：00～6：00,主要变化特征是臭氧平均浓度在1-l0m高度范围内随高度增加呈增加趋势,在13-52m高度范围内,随高度增加臭氧平均浓度呈递减趋势。(4)西安市郭杜镇2014年10月氮氧化物浓度垂向变化可分为三类型。第一种类型出现在12：00-16：00和0：00～4：00期间,12：00～16：00 NOx浓度在1～43m高度范围随高度增加而增加,46-52m高度范围内浓度变化呈减小趋势。0：00-4：00NOx浓度在1～43m高度范围内随高度增加而增加,在46-52m高度范围内随高度增加浓度减小。第二种类型出现在18：00～22：00,在1-43m高度范围内随高度增加NOx浓度变化幅度较小,增加趋势不明显；46-52m高度范围内随高度增加NOx浓度减小。第三种类型主要出现在6：00～10：00时间段,1-31m高度范围内随高度增加NOx浓度呈减少趋势,34--43m范围内随高度增加NOx表现出增加趋势,而46-52m范围随高度增加NOx浓度呈减少趋势。(5)研究区域2014年10月臭氧和氮氧化物浓度、相对湿度、风速均呈负相关,与温度、气压、太阳辐射强度、混合层高度均呈正相关。氮氧化物与温度、混合层高度均呈正相关,与相对湿度、风速、气压、太阳辐射强度均呈负相关。(6)2014年10月研究区域臭氧为出现污染现象,而氮氧化物在12：00～16：00出现了严重污染。(7)观测期间臭氧除当地来源之外远程源主要来源于人烟稀少、气候干燥、地表植被覆盖率较低的区域。
[Abstract]:As the main living space of people, the quality of air near the ground has a direct impact on people's health. Therefore, it is increasingly important to study the changes of ozone and nitrogen oxides concentration near the ground. It is necessary to study the concentration of ozone and nitrogen oxides in Xi'an. In October 2014, three high-resolution observations of ozone and nitrogen oxides and their meteorological elements were carried out at 52 m altitude in Chang'an Campus of Shaanxi Normal University, Guodu Town, Xi'an City, using portable instruments. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Through observing the three diurnal variations of ozone concentration in Guodu Town of Xi'an City in October 2014, it is revealed that the diurnal variation of ozone concentration in October 2014 is more consistent in the range of 1-52m, showing a single peak distribution, and both occur at 14:00. The diurnal variation of ozone concentration can be divided into three stages. The first stage occurs from 0:00 to 8:00, which is the middle stage of ozone concentration. The second stage is from 10:00 to 16:00, which is the highest stage of daily ozone concentration. The third stage is from 18:00 to 0:00, which is the lowest stage of ozone concentration. The first stage appeared at 0:00 to 8:00, which was the lowest stage. The second stage was 10:00 to 16:00, which was the highest stage. The third stage was from 18:00 to 22:00, which was the middle stage. (3) The vertical variation of ozone concentration in Guodu Town of Xi'an City in October 2014. The first type occurs at 8:00-18:00, and the main characteristic is that the ozone concentration increases with height in the range of 1-10 M. The ozone concentration decreases with height in the range of 13-22 m, and increases with height in the range of 25-52 M. From 20:00 to 6:00, the main change characteristic is that the average concentration of ozone increases with the height in the range of 1-l0m, and decreases with the height in the range of 13-52m. (4) The vertical variation of the concentration of nitrogen oxides in Guodu Town of Xi'an City in October 2014 can be divided into three types. During the periods of 00-16:00 and 0:00-4:00, the concentration of NO_x increased with the increase of height in the range of 12:00-16:00, and decreased with the increase of height in the range of 46-52 M. The concentration of NO_x increased with the increase of height in the range of 0:00-4:00, and decreased with the increase of height in the range of 46-52 M. Type 3 occurs from 18:00 to 22:00, and the concentration of NOX varies slightly with altitude in the range of 1-43m, but the increasing trend is not obvious. The concentration of NOX decreases with altitude in the range of 46-52m. The third type mainly occurs in the period of 6:00 to 10:00, and the concentration of NOX decreases with altitude in the range of 1-31m, and it is in the range of 34-43m. The concentration of NOX increased with altitude, but decreased with altitude in the range of 46-52m. (5) Ozone and NOX concentration, relative humidity and wind speed were negatively correlated with temperature, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation intensity and mixed layer height in the study area in October 2014. There was a positive correlation between ozone and relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure and solar radiation intensity. (6) In October 2014, ozone was polluted, while nitrogen oxides were seriously polluted from 12:00 to 16:00. (7) During the observation period, ozone mainly came from sparse human, dry climate and vegetation cover. Areas with lower rates.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51
本文编号：2209875
[Abstract]:As the main living space of people, the quality of air near the ground has a direct impact on people's health. Therefore, it is increasingly important to study the changes of ozone and nitrogen oxides concentration near the ground. It is necessary to study the concentration of ozone and nitrogen oxides in Xi'an. In October 2014, three high-resolution observations of ozone and nitrogen oxides and their meteorological elements were carried out at 52 m altitude in Chang'an Campus of Shaanxi Normal University, Guodu Town, Xi'an City, using portable instruments. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Through observing the three diurnal variations of ozone concentration in Guodu Town of Xi'an City in October 2014, it is revealed that the diurnal variation of ozone concentration in October 2014 is more consistent in the range of 1-52m, showing a single peak distribution, and both occur at 14:00. The diurnal variation of ozone concentration can be divided into three stages. The first stage occurs from 0:00 to 8:00, which is the middle stage of ozone concentration. The second stage is from 10:00 to 16:00, which is the highest stage of daily ozone concentration. The third stage is from 18:00 to 0:00, which is the lowest stage of ozone concentration. The first stage appeared at 0:00 to 8:00, which was the lowest stage. The second stage was 10:00 to 16:00, which was the highest stage. The third stage was from 18:00 to 22:00, which was the middle stage. (3) The vertical variation of ozone concentration in Guodu Town of Xi'an City in October 2014. The first type occurs at 8:00-18:00, and the main characteristic is that the ozone concentration increases with height in the range of 1-10 M. The ozone concentration decreases with height in the range of 13-22 m, and increases with height in the range of 25-52 M. From 20:00 to 6:00, the main change characteristic is that the average concentration of ozone increases with the height in the range of 1-l0m, and decreases with the height in the range of 13-52m. (4) The vertical variation of the concentration of nitrogen oxides in Guodu Town of Xi'an City in October 2014 can be divided into three types. During the periods of 00-16:00 and 0:00-4:00, the concentration of NO_x increased with the increase of height in the range of 12:00-16:00, and decreased with the increase of height in the range of 46-52 M. The concentration of NO_x increased with the increase of height in the range of 0:00-4:00, and decreased with the increase of height in the range of 46-52 M. Type 3 occurs from 18:00 to 22:00, and the concentration of NOX varies slightly with altitude in the range of 1-43m, but the increasing trend is not obvious. The concentration of NOX decreases with altitude in the range of 46-52m. The third type mainly occurs in the period of 6:00 to 10:00, and the concentration of NOX decreases with altitude in the range of 1-31m, and it is in the range of 34-43m. The concentration of NOX increased with altitude, but decreased with altitude in the range of 46-52m. (5) Ozone and NOX concentration, relative humidity and wind speed were negatively correlated with temperature, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation intensity and mixed layer height in the study area in October 2014. There was a positive correlation between ozone and relative humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure and solar radiation intensity. (6) In October 2014, ozone was polluted, while nitrogen oxides were seriously polluted from 12:00 to 16:00. (7) During the observation period, ozone mainly came from sparse human, dry climate and vegetation cover. Areas with lower rates.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51
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