超声-Fenton生化组合工艺处理制药废水的研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 12:58

【摘要】：现阶段,水资源的缺乏及污染已经严重制约我国经济发展及国民安康,制药行业的废水尤为突出。针对制药废水有机物浓度高、成分复杂、有毒有害的特点,以及仅靠单一的水处理单元处理制药废水难以达标排放的问题,本文开展了以超声协同Fenton的高级氧化处理、絮凝物化处理为核心,结合前期厌氧(UASB)、好氧(SBR)生物处理组合工艺处理的试验研究。絮凝处理阶段,采用聚合氯化铁(PFC)作为絮凝剂,考察了投加量、B值(碱化度),废水初始p H值、搅拌强度等对有机物去除率的影响。试验表明:废水初始pH值、碱化度及投药量对CODcr去除率、色度的影响较大,而搅拌强度影响较小;PFC对pH的适用范围较宽,废水呈中性偏碱性的时,有利于CODcr的去除;碱化度越高,需要增加PFC投加量才能使水样澄清,针对同一低投加量时,随着PFC的B值升高,出水的色度逐渐增加,表明此时絮凝作用以电中和作用为主;针对同一高投药量时,随着B值升高,出水的色度逐渐降低,表明此时絮凝作用则是网捕卷扫和电中和共同作用的宏观表现。试验确定了絮凝反应的最佳条件为;废水初始pH值为7.0、PFC的碱化度为0.6,投加量为5.0 mmol/L、搅拌强度GT值为29496(即以210 r/min快速搅拌2 min);此时出水CODcr为450 mg/L,去除率达到59.5%。试验研究了在酸性环境下,超声协同Fenton技术对废水有机物去除的影响,同时考察了pH值、H2O2浓度、Fe2+浓度、超声功率和反应时间等因素对生化降解后发酵制药废水的影响。结果表明:Fenton试剂辅以超声作用后,CODCr去除效果优于单独超声、单独Fenton法;同时确定了超声-Fenton氧化法降解生化后发酵制药废水最佳工艺参数:超声波功率为70 W、溶液pH值为4.0、H2O2浓度为4.70mmol/L,Fe2+浓度为6.50 mmol/L以及反应时间为30 min。出水的色度为6倍,去除效率达到97%;出水CODCr为113 mg/L,去除率达到73.0%;出水UV254为0.004,去除率达98.4%,水质达到国家综合排放(GB 21903-2008)。
[Abstract]:At present, the lack of water resources and pollution have seriously restricted the economic development and national health of our country, especially the wastewater of pharmaceutical industry. In view of the characteristics of high concentration of organic matter, complex composition, toxic and harmful characteristics of pharmaceutical wastewater, and the problem that it is difficult to discharge pharmaceutical wastewater by a single water treatment unit, the advanced oxidation treatment with ultrasonic and Fenton was carried out in this paper. Flocculation physicochemical treatment as the core, combined with anaerobic (UASB), aerobic (SBR) biological treatment combined with the experimental study. In the stage of flocculation treatment, polyferric chloride (PFC) was used as flocculant to investigate the effect of dosage of B value (alkalinity), initial pH value of wastewater and stirring intensity on the removal rate of organic matter. The results showed that the initial pH value, alkalinity and dosage had a great influence on the removal rate and chroma of CODcr, while the agitation intensity had a little effect on the application range of pH. When the wastewater was neutral and alkaline, the removal of CODcr was favorable. The higher the alkalinity, the higher the dosage of PFC in order to make the water sample clear. For the same low dosage, with the increase of B value of PFC, the chroma of effluent increases gradually, indicating that the flocculation action is mainly electric neutralization at this time. With the increase of B value, the chroma of effluent decreases with the same dosage, which indicates that flocculation is the macroscopical manifestation of the interaction of net trapping and electric neutralization. The optimum conditions for flocculation reaction were determined as follows: the initial pH value of the wastewater was 0.6, and the dosage of 5.0 mmol/L, agitating strength GT was 29496 (i.e. the CODcr of effluent was 450mg/L, at 210 r/min for 2 min);) and the removal rate of CODcr was 59.5%. The effects of ultrasound combined with Fenton technology on the removal of organic matter in wastewater were studied in acid environment. The effects of pH value H _ 2O _ 2 concentration Fe _ 2 concentration ultrasonic power and reaction time on the biochemical degradation of pharmaceutical wastewater after fermentation were also investigated. The results showed that the removal of CODCr by the Fenton reagent was better than that by ultrasound alone, and the removal rate of COD _ (Cr) by Fenton alone was better than that by ultrasound alone. At the same time, the optimum technological parameters of ultrasonic Fenton oxidation for biodegradation of biochemical post-fermentation pharmaceutical wastewater were determined: ultrasonic power was 70 W, pH value of solution was 4.70 mmol / L H _ 2O _ 2 4.70 mmol 路L ~ (-1) Fe _ (2) was 6.50 mmol/L and reaction time was 30 min.. The color of the effluent is 6 times, the removal efficiency is 97%, the CODCr of the effluent is 113 mg/L, the removal rate of the effluent is 73.0%, the UV254 of the effluent is 0.004, the removal rate is 98.4, and the water quality is up to the national comprehensive discharge (GB 21903-2008).
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X787

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