四种水生植物修复滇池富营养化水体效果的评估

发布时间：2018-09-08 09:56

【摘要】：本文以重度富营养化的滇池为平台,开展四种水生植物修复滇池富营养化水体的试验性研究。由水葫芦、水浮莲、轮叶黑藻、香蒲与滇池草海水体和底泥分别组建了对应的水生植物生态修复系统,研究四种水生植物净化草海重度富营养化水体效果。结果表明：在初始生物量相同的条件下,水葫芦生物增长量与同化吸收的氮、磷量均高于水浮莲、轮叶黑藻和香蒲,且植物同化作用是净化水体主要途径；经水生植物处理后,水体NH4+-N、TN、TP和CODcr浓度均显著降低,水葫芦组水体NH4+-N、TN、TP和CODcr浓度的去除率分别是97.3%、86.9%、94.6%和63.6%；水浮莲组分别是96.9%、83.9%、94.6%和57.4%；香蒲组分别是94.6%、82.4%、92.5%和60.2%；轮叶黑藻组分别是97.3%、78.6%、77.4%和50.9%。同时,四种水生植物均能显著抑制浮游藻类生长,可显著削减底泥氮、磷含量,且以水葫芦组削减效果最佳。净化水体效果排序为水葫芦组水浮莲组香蒲组轮叶黑藻组。在滇池外海北岸污染严重的0.25 km2封闭水域控养水葫芦,削减富营养化水体内源氮、磷等污染物,探讨有效修复湖泊水体的生物治理措施。6月底按9.30 kg/m2投放水葫芦种苗,水葫芦控养面积为2.51 hm2,占水域面积的10%。结果表明：水葫芦在控养围栏内生长迅速,特别是在7月-9月,最高生长速率为372.7g/(mZ.d)；水葫芦干物质平均氮、磷含量分别为23.22 g/kg和5.03 g/kg,每吨鲜水葫芦可富集氮、磷量分别为1.59kg和0.35kg,通过控养水葫芦,累计带走试验水域水体氮1.15吨,磷0.25吨；水体TN、TP和CODcr浓度与水体Chl-a浓度显著相关,由于水葫芦根系吸附拦截了大量浮游藻类,使控养区浮游藻类生物量远高于对照区,但也导致了控养区水体TN、TP和CODcr浓度显著高于对照区；同时,控养水葫芦未显著影响浮游藻类群落结构,吸附于根系的浮游藻类也未影响根系活力和叶片代谢过程,然而控养水葫芦对该水域底泥氮、磷等负荷的削减作用较小。
[Abstract]:On the platform of Dianchi Lake with severe eutrophication, this paper carried out an experimental study on the restoration of eutrophication water of Dianchi Lake by four kinds of aquatic plants. The ecological restoration system of aquatic plants was set up by water hyacinth, floret, black algae, cattail and grass sea in Dianchi Lake and sediment respectively, and the effects of four aquatic plants on purifying serious eutrophication water in grass sea were studied. The results showed that under the condition of the same initial biomass, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by water hyacinth was higher than that of phytoplankton, black algae and cattail, and plant assimilation was the main way to purify the water body. The removal rates of NH4 -NtnnTTP and CODcr in water of water hyacinth group were 97.6% and 63.6%, respectively; the water florescence group was 96.92.42.44% and 57.4%, respectively; the turnip group was 97.38.6% and 50.990%; the latter was 97.38.67.74% and 50.9%; the latter was 97.38.67.77.4% and 50.995%, respectively. At the same time, four aquatic plants could significantly inhibit the growth of phytoplankton, significantly reduce the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment, and the water hyacinth group had the best effect. The order of purifying water body was water hyacinth group, water florescence lotus group, Typha group, diploidophyta group. Water hyacinth was controlled in the seriously polluted water hyacinth on the north coast of Dianchi Lake, the endogenous nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in eutrophication water were reduced, and the biological treatment measures for effective restoration of lake water were discussed. The seed seedlings of water hyacinth were put into use according to 9.30 kg/m2 at the end of 6 months. The controlled area of water hyacinth was 2. 51 hm2,. The results showed that the water hyacinth grew rapidly in the control fence, especially in July-September, the highest growth rate was 372.7g/ (mZ.d), the average nitrogen and phosphorus contents of dry matter were 23.22 g/kg and 5.03 g / kg, respectively, and nitrogen could be enriched per ton of fresh water hyacinth. The amount of phosphorus was 1.59kg and 0.35 kg, respectively. By controlling water hyacinth, the nitrogen and phosphorus were 1.15 tons and 0.25 tons respectively, and the concentrations of TN,TP and CODcr were significantly correlated with Chl-a concentration, and the phytoplankton was intercepted by the root system of water hyacinth. The biomass of phytoplankton in the controlled culture area was much higher than that in the control area, but the concentrations of TN,TP and CODcr in the control area were significantly higher than those in the control area, and the community structure of phytoplankton was not significantly affected by the controlled water hyacinth. Phytoplankton adsorbed on roots did not affect the root activity and leaf metabolism process, but the control of water hyacinth had little effect on the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus load.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X173

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