流域水生态承载力研究及应用实例

发布时间：2018-09-08 20:35

【摘要】：近年来,我国的水利水电项目得到迅速发展,大力推动了社会经济的发展,然而由此引起的生态问题也日渐凸显,成为制约河流流域社会经济健康快速发展的重要因素。为了实现经济的可持续健康发展,我们必须更加重视对生态环境的保护和治理,以解决目前出现的生态问题。本研究取得的主要成果有:(1)系统分析了水生态承载力的内涵、特性、影响因素和指标体系,研究了指标体系权重的确定方法,确定了太子河流域的水生态承载力指标体系及各个指标体系的权重。(2)依据流域生态环境需水量的估算模型,计算出不同频度年太子河流域生态环境需水量。太子河生态需水量主要集中在汛期,生态环境需水量的大小取决于降水量和区域生态需水量;太子河流域20%、50%、75%三个不同频度年的生态需水量分别是52.21亿m3、25.98亿m3和20.37亿m3。(3)采用一维水质模型对太子河干流不同频率流量下的COD和NH3-N浓度进行了模拟预测,并计算了各控制断面同频率流量下的COD和NH3-N水环境容量。(4)建立太子河流域水生态承载力系统动力学模型。制定11个处理方案,通过系统动力学模型仿真模拟,认为提高水生态承载综合利用方案效果最为明显;提高工业用水重复率、改善生产工艺和加强宏观调控等单个方案的效果比较明显;提高工业水利用系数、降低农田灌溉用水定额、修建渠道防渗、提高污水处理率等方案的效果不明显。
[Abstract]:In recent years, water conservancy and hydropower projects in our country have been developed rapidly, which has greatly promoted the development of social economy. However, the ecological problems caused by these problems have become increasingly prominent and become an important factor restricting the healthy and rapid development of social economy in river basins. In order to realize the sustainable and healthy development of economy, we must pay more attention to the protection and management of ecological environment in order to solve the current ecological problems. The main achievements of this study are as follows: (1) the connotation, characteristics, influencing factors and index system of the water ecological carrying capacity are analyzed systematically, and the method of determining the weight of the index system is studied. The index system of water ecological carrying capacity and the weight of each index system were determined. (2) according to the estimation model of ecological environmental water demand of the basin, the ecological environmental water demand of Taizi River basin was calculated in different frequency years. The ecological water demand of Taizi River is mainly concentrated in flood season, and the size of ecological environmental water demand depends on precipitation and regional ecological water demand. The ecological water demand of 5.221 billion m3, 2.598 billion m3 and 2.037 billion m3 in three different frequency years is 5.221 billion m3, 2.598 billion m3 and 2.037 billion m3 respectively. (3) the concentrations of COD and NH3-N at different frequencies of the main stream of the Taizi River are simulated and forecasted by using one-dimensional water quality model. The water environmental capacity of COD and NH3-N at the same frequency and flow rate of each control section was calculated. (4) the system dynamics model of water ecological carrying capacity of Taizi River basin was established. Through the simulation of system dynamics model, it is considered that the effect of comprehensive utilization of water ecological bearing is the most obvious, and the repetition rate of industrial water is increased. The effect of single scheme such as improving production technology and strengthening macro-control is obvious, and the effect of the schemes such as increasing industrial water utilization coefficient, reducing irrigation water quota, building canal to prevent seepage and increasing sewage treatment rate are not obvious.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X143;X26

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