巴勒斯坦农村地区污水处理评估研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 11:02

【摘要】：水资源是约旦河西岸的主要问题,因为这里是中东地区水资源最匮乏的地区之一。被占领的加沙和西岸恶劣条件,特别是水资源短缺影响着人民的生活。随着人口的增加,对水的需求与日俱增,急需寻求包括污水处理等手段在内的获得新的水资源的方式。在巴勒斯坦西岸,居民、城市和工业的平均耗水量,大约是73升/人/天,这大大低于世界卫生组织推荐的小农户最低人均标准100升每天。而与此同时,以色列的人均消耗为100-230升/人/天。自1967年以来,污水处理在以色列一直被忽视,只有31%的人口覆盖污水管网系统。拥有污水收集和回收功能的污水处理厂的缺乏导致了污水被任意排放到环境中。每年都有大量的污水排向约旦河西岸地区。其中包括170ML/天的市政废水和工业废水,总量达62MCM/年。以及96ML/天的工业污水,总量达35MCM/年。污水管理在巴勒斯坦农村社区仍被严重忽视,污水管理仍然依靠于粪坑。在过去的十五年里,污水处理系统已在西岸农村地区兴盛起来,并且已经开发了相当广泛的适用于现场污水处理厂的技术。本文的目的是评估现场污水处理厂的处理能力以及在农业方面的再利用的能力的技术指标。在西岸地区现在有13个集体污水处理厂和180个现场污水处理厂,在西岸产生废水中仅有6.3%(2.83MCM)在集中和集体污水处理厂处理,剩下的93.7%未经处理直接排放到环境中。处理后的废水回用对解决水资源短缺有着重要的意义。本文基于模糊层次分析法取得的具有代表性的污水处理厂的质量参数都参照中国的水环境质量评价标准来评价,这可以帮助巴勒斯坦了解污水处理的现状,建立适合国情的水质量评价标准“体系”。分析结果表明,处理后的水达到了3级标准。即便如此,仍然需要努力提高污水处理技术,改善水质的处理,扩大污水处理规模,以应对巴勒斯坦本土日益增长的用水需求。
[Abstract]:Water is a major problem in the West Bank because it is one of the most scarce in the Middle East. Poor conditions in the occupied Gaza and West Bank, especially water shortages, affect people's lives. With the increase of population and the increasing demand for water, it is urgent to find new ways of obtaining water resources, including sewage treatment. In the West Bank of Palestine, the average water consumption of residents, cities and industries is about 73 litres per person / day, which is well below the minimum per capita standard of 100 litres per day recommended by the World Health Organization for smallholder farmers. At the same time, Israel's per capita consumption is 100-230 litres / person / day. Sewage treatment has been neglected in Israel since 1967, with only 31% of the population covering the sewer system. The lack of sewage treatment plants with sewage collection and recovery functions has led to arbitrary discharge of sewage into the environment. Every year a great deal of sewage flows into the West Bank. These include municipal and industrial wastewater from 170ML/ days, totaling up to 62MCM/ years. And 96ML/ days of industrial sewage, the total amount of 35MCM/ year. Sewage management continues to be severely neglected in rural Palestinian communities, and is still dependent on septic tanks. In the past 15 years, sewage treatment systems have flourished in rural areas of the West Bank, and considerable technology has been developed for on-site sewage treatment plants. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the technical indicators of the treatment capacity of the site sewage treatment plant and its ability to reuse in agriculture. There are now 13 collective sewage treatment plants and 180 site sewage treatment plants in the West Bank, and only 6.3% (2.83MCM) of the wastewater generated in the West Bank are treated in the centralized and collective sewage treatment plants, and the remaining 93.7% are discharged directly into the environment without treatment. The reuse of treated wastewater is of great significance to solve the shortage of water resources. In this paper, the quality parameters of representative sewage treatment plants obtained from the Fuzzy Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are evaluated with reference to China's water environment quality evaluation criteria, which can help Palestine understand the current situation of sewage treatment. Establish the water quality evaluation standard "system" suitable for national conditions. The analysis results show that the treated water reaches the 3rd grade standard. Even so, efforts need to be made to improve sewage treatment technology, improve water quality and scale up sewage treatment to meet the growing demand for water at home.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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