我国环境影响评价工程师的伦理责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 06:54

【摘要】：工程师伦理责任问题是工程伦理学领域研究的核心问题。20世纪以来,人类已生活在由工程产品组成的“第二自然”之中,工程活动成为现代社会存在和发展的重要标志,环境问题自然而然地也成为社会经济发展到一定阶段的产物,环境、经济与社会的关系成为人类普遍关注的焦点。因此工程师的伦理责任范围逐渐扩展到对公众、环境以及人类的未来负责。但是我们必须清楚地认识到,工程师对社会所付的责任能力是有限的,即使工程师所掌握的技术力量不断增强,这种责任的有限性也并未改变。工程是实践活动,工程伦理是实践伦理,实际的工程实施活动中,往往存在着工程师的权利与应付责任的不对等,致使工程师的责任在工程实践中很难具体的做出承付。一般意义上的工程师最主要的职责还是造物,是建造者,其工程活动的结果总是对环境造成一定程度的负面影响。他们的伦理责任最主要的是集中于安全生产责任、产品质量责任、忠诚于雇主的责任。有关其对公众、对环境的责任的研究都还只是停留在表面的一般性的伦理原则问题上。由于环境问题是极其复杂的问题,一般意义上的工程师缺乏与环境保护相关的专业知识,因此他们对环境所承付的责任能力是非常有限的,要在真正意义上实现经济建设与环境保护的协调发展需要借助于环境影响评价。环境影响评价贯彻“预防为主”的原则,从源头防止环境污染与生态破坏,是我国实施可持续发展战略的重要保障。环境影响评价工程师作为环境保护的专业技术人才,在新的时代背景下应运而生,其工作的本质属性与职业角色决定了他们对环境所付的伦理责任任重而道远,其内容包括环境安全责任、可持续发展责任以及生态正义责任。但是在日益复杂的工程活动与利益的困扰面前,有章可循的环境影响评价法律法规及其制度对环评工程师的行为约束远远不够,亟需伦理层面的规约。本论文结合云南具体的建设项目环境影响评价实例进行分析研究,一方面,有助于工程伦理学研究在实践层面的推进；另一方面,从环境问题着手分析环境影响评价工程师的伦理责任,很大程度上缓解了一般工程师环境责任的困境；第三,环境影响评价工程师的伦理责任规约对保证我国环境影响评价工作的科学性、公平性、有效性无疑具有重大作用。
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century, human beings have lived in the "second nature" composed of engineering products, and engineering activities have become an important symbol of the existence and development of modern society. Environmental problems naturally become the result of the development of social economy to a certain stage, and the relationship between environment, economy and society has become the focus of universal attention. As a result, the ethical responsibilities of engineers are gradually extended to be responsible for the public, the environment and the future of mankind. But we must realize clearly that engineers' ability to take responsibility for society is limited, and even if the technical power of engineers is increasing, the limitation of this responsibility will not change. Engineering is a practical activity, and engineering ethics is a practical ethics. In practical engineering implementation activities, there is often an unequal relationship between the engineer's right and the responsibility to deal with it, resulting in the engineer's responsibility being difficult to make commitments in engineering practice. In general, the most important responsibility of engineers is the builders, whose engineering activities always result in a certain degree of negative impact on the environment. Their ethical responsibilities are mainly focused on safety responsibility, product quality responsibility, loyalty to the employer's responsibility. The study of its responsibility to the public and to the environment is still confined to superficial general ethical principles. Because environmental issues are extremely complex and engineers in general lack the expertise related to environmental protection, their capacity to assume responsibility for the environment is very limited. In order to realize the harmonious development of economic construction and environmental protection in a real sense, it is necessary to resort to environmental impact assessment. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) implements the principle of "prevention first" and prevents environmental pollution and ecological destruction from its source, which is an important guarantee for the implementation of sustainable development strategy in China. As professional and technical talents of environmental protection, environmental impact assessment engineers emerge as the times require. The nature of their work and their professional role determine that they have a long way to go in their ethical responsibilities to the environment. Its contents include environmental safety responsibility, sustainable development responsibility and ecological justice responsibility. However, in the face of the increasingly complex engineering activities and interests, the rules and regulations of environmental impact assessment (EIA) laws and regulations and the system of environmental impact assessment engineers' behavior constraints are far from enough. On the one hand, it is helpful to advance the research of engineering ethics in practice; on the other hand, it is helpful to carry out the environmental impact assessment of construction projects in Yunnan. The analysis of the environmental impact assessment engineer's ethical responsibility from the environmental problem alleviates the plight of the general engineer's environmental responsibility to a great extent; third, The rules of ethical responsibility of environmental impact assessment engineers play an important role in ensuring the scientific fairness and effectiveness of environmental impact assessment in China.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X820.3

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