城市典型地下建筑室内空气品质实验研究与评价
发布时间：2018-09-12 16:37
【摘要】：近年来,由于地上土地资源的日益紧缺,大量的地下建筑在我国迅速兴起。但其室内空气品质问题却日益显现,许多的调查研究表明地下建筑室内空气质量明显差于地上建筑。现有与室内空气品质相关的一系列研究主要是针对地上建筑展开的,对地下建筑进行的研究还相对较少;其次,ASHRAE标准62-1989中关于室内空气品质的描述综合考虑了客观因素和人体的主观感受两方面,而目前国家室内卫生标准制定污染物浓度限值主要从人员健康角度出发,很少涉及室内人员的主观感受。有时人处于浓度并不超标的室内环境时仍然可能感到不舒服,因此,兼顾人员健康和人体满意度两个因素,对室内空气品质进行评价理应比较合理准确。本文针对以上现存问题,以西安市主城区三类典型地下建筑(包括地下服饰城、地下美食城和地下电器城,每种类型地下建筑各四家)为对象,对其室内空气品质进行研究,主要研究方法和内容如下:1.客观分析:(1)对三种类型的地下建筑室内具有代表性的污染物(包括CO、CO2、TVOC、HCHO和PM10)进行监测,分析其分布变化情况;(2)采用综合污染指数法对各地下建筑的室内空气品质进行优劣等级评价。2.主观调查:通过问卷调查获得各地下建筑室内人员对空气品质的主观满意度评价,并制定主观满意度评价标尺,获得人员对室内空气品质满意度的投票值S。3.主客观分析相结合:(1)将调查问卷所统计的人体满意度投票值与各实测污染物浓度建立对应关系,并作散点图;(2)通过origin软件对散点图进行线性拟合和多项式拟合,通过比较得到人体满意度与各污染物浓度之间的关系,进而得到各污染物的人体满意度限值;(3)运用灰色关联度理论分析各单项污染物指标对人体满意度的影响比重。最后,通过以上研究得到如下结论:1、城市地下建筑室内污染物种类较多且超标普遍,其中较为突出的污染物为TVOC和PM10。2、采用综合污染指数法对3类地下建筑室内空气质量进行了评价:地下服饰城污染最严重,地下美食城次之,地下电器城污染最轻。3、通过实际监测结合问卷调查,得到各污染物与人员对室内空气满意度的关系(本文中人体满意度与CO浓度并无明显的函数关系),进而得到了各污染物的人体满意度限值:(1)CO2:0.096%(夏季)0.10%(标准A)0.112%(冬季)0.15%(标准B);(2)TVOC:0.60 mg/m3(标准A)0.794 mg/m3(夏季)0.809 mg/m3(冬季);(3)HCHO:0.081 mg/m3(冬季)0.088 mg/m3(夏季)0.10 mg/m3(标准A);(4)PM10:0.150 mg/m3(标准A)0.185 mg/m3(夏季)0.242 mg/m3(冬季);注:标准A为《室内空气质量标准》,标准B为《人防工程平时使用环境卫生要求》。4、通过灰色关联分析得到冬、夏季各污染物对人员满意度的影响比重从大到小依次均为:HCHO、TVOC、CO2、PM10、CO。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the shortage of land resources on the ground, a large number of underground buildings have sprung up rapidly in China. However, the problem of indoor air quality has become increasingly prominent. Many investigations and studies show that the indoor air quality of underground buildings is significantly worse than that of above-ground buildings. Secondly, the description of indoor air quality in ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 considers both objective factors and subjective feelings of human body. At present, the limit of pollutant concentration in national indoor hygiene standards is mainly from the perspective of human health, and rarely involves indoor personnel. Sometimes people may still feel uncomfortable when they are in an indoor environment where the concentration does not exceed the standard. Therefore, it is reasonable and accurate to evaluate the indoor air quality considering the two factors of health and human satisfaction. The main research methods and contents are as follows: (1) Objective analysis: (1) To monitor and analyze the distribution of representative indoor pollutants (including CO, CO2, TVOC, HCHO and PM10) in three types of underground buildings. (2) Comprehensive pollution index method was used to evaluate the indoor air quality of underground buildings. 2. Subjective investigation: Through questionnaire survey, the subjective satisfaction evaluation of indoor air quality of underground building personnel was obtained, and the subjective satisfaction evaluation scale was drawn up, so as to obtain the personnel's input to the satisfaction degree of indoor air quality. Ticket S.3. Combining subjective and objective analysis: (1) Set up the corresponding relationship between the voting value of the questionnaire and the measured pollutant concentration, and make the scatter plot; (2) Linear fitting and polynomial fitting of the scatter plot by origin software, and get the relationship between the human satisfaction and the pollutant concentration by comparing. Finally, through the above research, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. There are many kinds of indoor pollutants in urban underground buildings, and the more prominent pollutants are TVOC and PM10.2. The comprehensive pollution index method was used to evaluate the indoor air quality of three types of underground buildings: the underground clothing city was the most polluted, the underground food city was the second, and the underground electrical appliance city was the least polluted. Explicit function relationship, and then obtained the limits of human satisfaction of each pollutants: (1) CO2: 0.096% (summer) 0.096% (summer) 0.10% (standard A) 0.112% (summer) 0.112% (winter) 0.112% (winter) 0.15% (standard B); (2) TVOC: 0.60 mg / m3 (standard A) 0.60mg / m3 (standard A) 0.794 mg / m3 (summer) 0.794 mg / m3 (summer) 0.794 mg / m3 (summer) 0.809 mg / m3 (winter); (3) HCHO: 0.081 mg / m3 (winter) 0.088 mg / m3 (summer) 0.10 mg / m3 (summer) 0.10 mg / m3 (summer) 0 Standard A) 0.1 85 mg/m3 (summer) 0.242 mg/m3 (winter); Note: Standard A is < Indoor Air Quality Standard > and Standard B is < Environmental Hygiene Requirements for Peacetime Use of Civil Air Defense Projects > 4. Through grey relational analysis, the influence proportion of pollutants on personnel satisfaction in winter and summer is HCHO, TVOC, CO2, PM10, CO.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU962;X823
本文编号：2239598
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the shortage of land resources on the ground, a large number of underground buildings have sprung up rapidly in China. However, the problem of indoor air quality has become increasingly prominent. Many investigations and studies show that the indoor air quality of underground buildings is significantly worse than that of above-ground buildings. Secondly, the description of indoor air quality in ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 considers both objective factors and subjective feelings of human body. At present, the limit of pollutant concentration in national indoor hygiene standards is mainly from the perspective of human health, and rarely involves indoor personnel. Sometimes people may still feel uncomfortable when they are in an indoor environment where the concentration does not exceed the standard. Therefore, it is reasonable and accurate to evaluate the indoor air quality considering the two factors of health and human satisfaction. The main research methods and contents are as follows: (1) Objective analysis: (1) To monitor and analyze the distribution of representative indoor pollutants (including CO, CO2, TVOC, HCHO and PM10) in three types of underground buildings. (2) Comprehensive pollution index method was used to evaluate the indoor air quality of underground buildings. 2. Subjective investigation: Through questionnaire survey, the subjective satisfaction evaluation of indoor air quality of underground building personnel was obtained, and the subjective satisfaction evaluation scale was drawn up, so as to obtain the personnel's input to the satisfaction degree of indoor air quality. Ticket S.3. Combining subjective and objective analysis: (1) Set up the corresponding relationship between the voting value of the questionnaire and the measured pollutant concentration, and make the scatter plot; (2) Linear fitting and polynomial fitting of the scatter plot by origin software, and get the relationship between the human satisfaction and the pollutant concentration by comparing. Finally, through the above research, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. There are many kinds of indoor pollutants in urban underground buildings, and the more prominent pollutants are TVOC and PM10.2. The comprehensive pollution index method was used to evaluate the indoor air quality of three types of underground buildings: the underground clothing city was the most polluted, the underground food city was the second, and the underground electrical appliance city was the least polluted. Explicit function relationship, and then obtained the limits of human satisfaction of each pollutants: (1) CO2: 0.096% (summer) 0.096% (summer) 0.10% (standard A) 0.112% (summer) 0.112% (winter) 0.112% (winter) 0.15% (standard B); (2) TVOC: 0.60 mg / m3 (standard A) 0.60mg / m3 (standard A) 0.794 mg / m3 (summer) 0.794 mg / m3 (summer) 0.794 mg / m3 (summer) 0.809 mg / m3 (winter); (3) HCHO: 0.081 mg / m3 (winter) 0.088 mg / m3 (summer) 0.10 mg / m3 (summer) 0.10 mg / m3 (summer) 0 Standard A) 0.1 85 mg/m3 (summer) 0.242 mg/m3 (winter); Note: Standard A is < Indoor Air Quality Standard > and Standard B is < Environmental Hygiene Requirements for Peacetime Use of Civil Air Defense Projects > 4. Through grey relational analysis, the influence proportion of pollutants on personnel satisfaction in winter and summer is HCHO, TVOC, CO2, PM10, CO.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU962;X823
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