膨润土基吸附材料对重金属的吸附性能研究
发布时间：2018-09-12 16:58
【摘要】：本学位论文综述了重金属污染的现状及其危害,简要介绍了含重金属污水的处理技术方法的国内外研究进展,系统的研究了邯郸膨润土的矿物组成和物化性能,并以邯郸膨润土为主要原料,制备了多种性能优良的膨润土基新型吸附材料,并运用SEM、XRD、IR等现代技术手段对膨润土基新型吸附材料的物理化学性质进行了表征。以实验室模拟废水的静态吸附为研究背景,通过改变各种操作条件,如温度、p H值、反应时间等,实验了模拟废水中重金属吸附在各种膨润土基吸附剂上的最佳条件,以期获得最高的重金属污染物去除率和最好的吸附效果,且尽量保证实验过程能耗最小,同时将吸附过程对环境产生二次污染的可能性降到最低。并以此为基础,借助扫描电镜等现代手段对其吸附机理进行探讨。本学位论文取得的主要研究成果如下:1.以邯郸钙基膨润土为原料,分别制备了硫酸活化膨润土(HB)和盐酸活化膨润土(CB),对其吸附Cu2+的性能进行了研究,并探讨了温度、反应时间、离子浓度、吸附剂用量、p H值等对Cu2+去除率的影响。硫酸、盐酸活化膨润土对Cu2+的最佳吸附条件为:当Cu2+初始浓度为3mg/L时,HB与CB添加量分别为2g/L和4g/L,搅拌时间为15min,自然p H值(约6-8),室温(约18-25℃)条件。酸活化膨润土对Cu2+的去除率HBCB,分别达到99%、96%。2.以丙烯酸为单体,引入黄原胶和膨润土,利用原位聚合法制备了一种新型膨润土/聚丙烯酸/黄原胶复合吸附剂,运用现代技术手段,如扫描电镜、红外光谱和X-射线衍射等对其进行了分析表征。并分别实验了吸附时间和p H值等操作条件对其吸附效果的影响,获得了HB/PAA/XG对溶液中Cu2+、Ni2+、Cr(Ⅵ)和Zn2+的最佳吸附条件。3.HB/PAA/XG对Cu2+、Ni2+、Cr(Ⅵ)和Zn2+的吸附,主要是其本身的-OH、COO-与溶液中的Cu2+、Ni2+、Cr(Ⅵ)和Zn2+发生了螯合作用和阳离子交换作用。以具有毒性累积性的重金属污染物为研究对象,考察了其在硫酸、盐酸活化膨润土和膨润土/聚丙烯酸/黄原胶复合吸附材料上的吸附性能,为膨润土处理实际重金属废水提供了理论依据,具备一定的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In this dissertation, the present situation of heavy metal pollution and its harm are reviewed, and the research progress in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals at home and abroad is briefly introduced, and the mineral composition and physicochemical properties of bentonite in Handan are systematically studied. A variety of new bentonite based adsorption materials with excellent properties were prepared using Handan bentonite as the main raw material. The physicochemical properties of the new bentonite based adsorption materials were characterized by modern techniques such as SEM,XRD,IR. Under the background of static adsorption of simulated wastewater in laboratory, the optimum conditions of heavy metal adsorption on various bentonite based adsorbents were studied by changing various operating conditions, such as temperature pH value, reaction time and so on. In order to obtain the highest removal rate of heavy metal pollutants and the best adsorption effect, and to ensure the minimum energy consumption of the experimental process, and to minimize the possibility of secondary pollution of the environment caused by the adsorption process. On this basis, the adsorption mechanism was discussed by means of scanning electron microscope and other modern methods. The main research results of this thesis are as follows: 1. The adsorption properties of activated bentonite (HB) by sulfuric acid and activated bentonite (CB),) by hydrochloric acid were studied by using calcium bentonite from Handan as raw material. The temperature, reaction time and ion concentration were also discussed. The effect of adsorbent dosage such as pH value on Cu2 removal rate. The optimum adsorption conditions for Cu2 by sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid activated bentonite are as follows: when the initial concentration of Cu2 is 3mg/L, the addition amount of Cu2 HB and CB is 2g/L and 4g / L, respectively, stirring time is 15 min, natural pH value (about 6-8), room temperature (about 18-25 鈩，
本文编号：2239640
[Abstract]:In this dissertation, the present situation of heavy metal pollution and its harm are reviewed, and the research progress in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals at home and abroad is briefly introduced, and the mineral composition and physicochemical properties of bentonite in Handan are systematically studied. A variety of new bentonite based adsorption materials with excellent properties were prepared using Handan bentonite as the main raw material. The physicochemical properties of the new bentonite based adsorption materials were characterized by modern techniques such as SEM,XRD,IR. Under the background of static adsorption of simulated wastewater in laboratory, the optimum conditions of heavy metal adsorption on various bentonite based adsorbents were studied by changing various operating conditions, such as temperature pH value, reaction time and so on. In order to obtain the highest removal rate of heavy metal pollutants and the best adsorption effect, and to ensure the minimum energy consumption of the experimental process, and to minimize the possibility of secondary pollution of the environment caused by the adsorption process. On this basis, the adsorption mechanism was discussed by means of scanning electron microscope and other modern methods. The main research results of this thesis are as follows: 1. The adsorption properties of activated bentonite (HB) by sulfuric acid and activated bentonite (CB),) by hydrochloric acid were studied by using calcium bentonite from Handan as raw material. The temperature, reaction time and ion concentration were also discussed. The effect of adsorbent dosage such as pH value on Cu2 removal rate. The optimum adsorption conditions for Cu2 by sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid activated bentonite are as follows: when the initial concentration of Cu2 is 3mg/L, the addition amount of Cu2 HB and CB is 2g/L and 4g / L, respectively, stirring time is 15 min, natural pH value (about 6-8), room temperature (about 18-25 鈩，
本文编号：2239640
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