基于遥感和城市空间形态学方法的城市热环境研究
发布时间：2018-10-07 19:19
【摘要】：随着经济高速发展,城市化进程不可避免。建筑物的高度密集化使城市几何形状和表面特性发生大面积变化,进而使城市热环境状况变得更加复杂,局部地区出现热岛效应加剧现象。城市建筑物布局和高度对城市热岛效应和气温变化的影响不容忽视且日益显著。因此,深入研究建筑物空间形态对城市热环境变化的影响具有重大意义和科学价值。本文以澳大利亚Adelaide中心城区作为研究区,基于lm空间分辨率3D建筑物数据计算天空开阔度(Sky View Factor, SVF)、建筑物迎风面积指数(Frontal Area Index, FAI)等多种城市空间形态学参数。在此基础上,结合遥感技术和实测反照率数据估算城市街道吸收太阳入射辐射量,并采用19个站点的2010年10月-2011年10月实测气温数据分析Adelaide城市热岛强度(Urban Heat Island Intensity, UHⅡ)变化,最后系统地深入分析不同季节、不同时间段城市空间形态学参数、地表吸收太阳入射辐射等因子对热岛效应和气温的定量影响。论文主要研究结论包括：(1)晴天天气下,Adelaide城市热岛强度在四季都呈夜间强,白天弱的规律。在夜间,春、秋季最大,冬季次之,夏季最小。UHⅡ在四季的白天都不明显,夏季最大,最小为春季,甚至出现“冷岛”现象。(2) 以鱼眼相机获取的天空开阔度SVFfish-eye作为验证数据,选取200m作为最优搜索半径,基于3D建筑物数据计算SVFs与SVFfish-eye之间的相关系数为0.97,RMSE为0.13,这表明SVFs估测精度高。利用3D建筑物数据计算出其他多种空间学形态参数,包括建筑物高宽比、建筑平面面积比率、建筑物平均高度、街道平均宽度等,相关分析表明SVF与高宽比、建筑平面面积比率和建筑物平均高度具有显著相关性,与街道平均宽度相关性不显著。其中,SVF与高宽比的相关性最大。(3) SVF和UHⅡ在四季的夜间都呈显著线性负相关。中午到午后附近,春季、秋季和冬季呈显著线性正相关,而在夏季白天时段都不显著。晴天、阴天和雨天三种天气状况下,SVF与UHⅡ的负相关性在夜间差别不大。在白天,晴天下正相关性大于阴天和雨天。(4)晴天天气状况下,FAI-UHⅡ在夜间呈显著对数关系,白天呈线性负相关。仅春季和冬季的正午时刻附近呈显著线性负相关,其他时刻不显著。以200m作为研究空间尺度,在春季和冬季夜间,FAI-UHⅡ相关性强于SVF-UHⅡ,在夏季和秋季夜间差别较小。对于白天而言,在秋季,SVF-UHⅡ的相关性略强于FAI-UHⅡ,其他季节的影响差异小。此外,不同搜索半径下SVF与UHⅡ关系的普适性优于FAI参数。(5)利用3D建筑物数据判断站点在不同时刻是否落在阴影中,模拟到达街道表面的太阳直射辐射、散射辐射和邻近建筑物墙面反射辐射量,进而利用地表反照率实测数据计算出在不同时段城市街道吸收太阳入射辐射量,初步探讨其辐射累积量(Total Absorbed Solar Irradiation, TASI)与气温之间的相关性。研究结果表明：对于某一站点,白天时段的TASIT与对应时刻气温呈显著线性正相关；13个站点的TASIT与对应站点气温在白天不同时刻的相关性存在差异,主要原因是在不同时刻地面净短波辐射对地表净辐射贡献不同。两者在日出时刻附近呈负相关。在9：00至16：30时刻,两者呈线性正相关,相关系数大于0.4,仅在13：00至15：30时段内显著。从16：30至日落时刻,两者的相关性弱。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the urbanization process is inevitable. The high density of buildings makes the city's geometry and surface characteristics vary widely, which makes the urban hot environment more complicated and the local area becomes more complicated. The influence of urban building layout and height on urban heat island effect and temperature change can't be ignored and becoming more and more significant. Therefore, it is of great significance and scientific value to deeply study the influence of building space form on urban heat environment. In this paper, a variety of urban spatial morphological parameters, such as Sky View Factor (SVF), Building Wind Area Index (FAI), and so on, are calculated based on the 3D building data of spatial resolution 3D as the research area. On the basis of this, combined with remote sensing technology and measured albedo data to estimate the amount of solar incident radiation absorbed by the urban street, and using the measured temperature data from October 2010 to October 2011 in the 19 sites to analyze the change of the Urban Flood Intensity (UH II) of Adelaide, Finally, the quantitative effects of factors such as different seasons, urban spatial morphology parameters, surface absorption solar incident radiation, etc. were systematically analyzed. The main conclusions of this thesis include: (1) In sunny weather, the strength of Adtelaide city is strong at night and weak in daytime. In the night, spring, autumn is the largest, winter is second, summer is the smallest. UH II is not obvious during the daytime, the largest in summer, the smallest in spring, and even the 鈥淐old Island鈥，
本文编号：2255377
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the urbanization process is inevitable. The high density of buildings makes the city's geometry and surface characteristics vary widely, which makes the urban hot environment more complicated and the local area becomes more complicated. The influence of urban building layout and height on urban heat island effect and temperature change can't be ignored and becoming more and more significant. Therefore, it is of great significance and scientific value to deeply study the influence of building space form on urban heat environment. In this paper, a variety of urban spatial morphological parameters, such as Sky View Factor (SVF), Building Wind Area Index (FAI), and so on, are calculated based on the 3D building data of spatial resolution 3D as the research area. On the basis of this, combined with remote sensing technology and measured albedo data to estimate the amount of solar incident radiation absorbed by the urban street, and using the measured temperature data from October 2010 to October 2011 in the 19 sites to analyze the change of the Urban Flood Intensity (UH II) of Adelaide, Finally, the quantitative effects of factors such as different seasons, urban spatial morphology parameters, surface absorption solar incident radiation, etc. were systematically analyzed. The main conclusions of this thesis include: (1) In sunny weather, the strength of Adtelaide city is strong at night and weak in daytime. In the night, spring, autumn is the largest, winter is second, summer is the smallest. UH II is not obvious during the daytime, the largest in summer, the smallest in spring, and even the 鈥淐old Island鈥，
本文编号：2255377
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