流域水环境安全防控评价指标体系

发布时间：2018-10-08 19:52

【摘要】：河流水污染问题成为社会各界广泛关注环境问题之一,构建科学合理的流域水污染防控体系迫在眉睫。流域水环境安全防控体系评价是合理构建防控体系的前提和保障。本文在综述国内外有关水环境安全研究成果和现状的基础上,构建流域水环境安全防控体系评价指标体系,并对德州和聊城徒骇河和马颊河流域水环境安全防控体系进行实例评价。通过文献调研等方式了解水环境安全定义、评价指标体系、评价方法的研究现状,确定流域水环境安全防控体系的概念、流域水环境安全防控体系评价指标体系的构建方法。通过分析评价指标构建的原则,从风险源识别与评估、流域水污染预防、流域水污染预警和流域水污染应急四个方面选择36个指标建立评价指标体系。对不同性质、不同数据来源的指标采用多种方法确定指标标准值。利用专家分析法和层次分析法确定权重,计算综合指数值。在此基础上,采用等级划分法,建立综合指数值与流域水环境防控体系评价的等级关系,划分为四个评价等级。采用实地调研、资料调查、专家咨询等方法,掌握聊城和德州徒骇河马颊河流域防控体系现状。基于徒骇河马颊河流域特点及流域水环境安全现状,采用综合指数法,以2009年到2012年聊城和德州的调查数据为基准,进行流域水环境安全防控体系评价。结果表明聊城和德州的水环境安全防控体系综合指数值均在稳定上升,说明各地区防控体系越来越完善。聊城和德州的流域水环境防控情况除2009年为一般外,其余年份均为完善。针对调研和评价发现的问题,提出相应建议和对策,为以后研究和改善流域水环境安全防控体系提供参考。构建包含干流、支流和污染源的三级防控体系用来预防重大水污染事故。通过构建流域水环境安全防控体系评价指标体系,有利于综合评价流域污染防控能力；参考评价结果找出防控体系的薄弱环节,为完善流域水环境安全防控体系提供基础依据。
[Abstract]:River water pollution has become one of the environmental problems widely concerned by all walks of life. It is urgent to build a scientific and reasonable river basin water pollution prevention and control system. The evaluation of water environment safety prevention and control system is the premise and guarantee of reasonable construction of control system. On the basis of summarizing the research results and present situation of water environment safety at home and abroad, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of water environment safety prevention and control system in river basin. A case study of water environmental safety and control system in Tukhahe and Majiu River basins of Dezhou and Liaocheng was carried out. The definition of water environment safety, the evaluation index system and the research status of evaluation methods are understood by means of literature investigation. The concept of water environment safety prevention and control system in watershed and the construction method of evaluation index system of water environment safety prevention and control system in river basin are determined. By analyzing the principles of evaluation index construction, 36 indexes were selected to establish the evaluation index system from four aspects: risk source identification and assessment, basin water pollution prevention, basin water pollution warning and watershed water pollution emergency. Various methods are used to determine the standard values of indicators with different properties and different data sources. The weight is determined by expert analysis and analytic hierarchy process, and the comprehensive index value is calculated. On this basis, the hierarchical relationship between the comprehensive index value and the evaluation of the watershed water environment control system is established by using the method of grade division, which can be divided into four evaluation grades. By using the methods of field investigation, data investigation and expert consultation, the present situation of prevention and control system of Liaocheng and Dezhou River Mancheck River is grasped. Based on the characteristics and the present situation of water environment safety in the Majiu River basin of the Sunghai River, the comprehensive index method was used to evaluate the water environment safety control system of the basin based on the survey data from 2009 to 2012 in Liaocheng and Texas. The results show that the comprehensive index values of water environment safety prevention and control system in Liaocheng and Texas are rising steadily, which indicates that the prevention and control system in various regions is becoming more and more perfect. The situation of water environment control in Liaocheng and Texas is perfect except in 2009. In view of the problems found by investigation and evaluation, the corresponding suggestions and countermeasures are put forward to provide references for the future study and improvement of the water environment safety prevention and control system in the watershed. A three-level prevention and control system consisting of main streams, tributaries and pollution sources is constructed to prevent major water pollution accidents. The evaluation index system of watershed water environment safety prevention and control system is beneficial to the comprehensive evaluation of basin pollution prevention and control ability, and the weak link of the control system is found out by referring to the evaluation results, which provides the basis for perfecting the basin water environment safety prevention and control system.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X824

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